UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K
(Mark One)
| ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the fiscal year ended October 30 , 2021
OR
| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 1-7819
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |||||||||||||
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) | |||||||||||||
(781 ) 935-5565
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
______________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Title of Class
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☑
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| ☑ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ||||||||||||||||||
| Emerging growth company | ||||||||||||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☑
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☑
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $42,211,000,000 based on the last reported sale of the Common Stock on The Nasdaq Global Select Market on April 30, 2021. Shares of voting and non-voting stock beneficially owned by executive officers, directors and holders of more than 5% of the outstanding stock have been excluded from this calculation because such persons or institutions may be deemed affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not a conclusive determination for other purposes.
As of October 30, 2021, there were 525,330,672 shares of Common Stock, $0.16 2/3 par value per share, outstanding.
| Document Description | Form 10-K Part | |||||||
| Portions of the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held March 9, 2022 | III | |||||||
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Information About our Executive Officers | |||||
Note About Forward-Looking Statements
This Annual Report on Form 10-K, including “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” contains forward-looking statements regarding future events and our future results that are subject to the safe harbor created under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and other safe harbors under the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. All statements other than statements of historical fact are statements that could be deemed forward-looking statements. These statements are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts, and projections about the industries in which we operate and the beliefs and assumptions of our management. Words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “targets,” “goals,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “continues,” “may,” “could” and “will,” and variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. In addition, any statements that refer to projections regarding our future financial performance; our anticipated growth and trends in our businesses; our future liquidity, capital needs and capital expenditures; the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, financial condition and results of operations; our future market position and expected competitive changes in the marketplace for our products; our ability to pay dividends or repurchase stock; our ability to service our outstanding debt; our expected tax rate; the effect of changes in or the application of new or revised tax laws; expected cost savings; the effect of new accounting pronouncements; our ability to successfully integrate acquired businesses and technologies, including the acquired business, operations and employees of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.; and other characterizations of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned that these forward-looking statements are only predictions and are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict, including those identified in Part I, Item 1A. "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Therefore, actual results may differ materially and adversely from those expressed in any forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements, including to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of the filing of this report, except to the extent required by law.
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PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Company Overview, Strategy and Mission
Analog Devices, Inc. (we, Analog Devices or the Company) is a leading global high-performance semiconductor company dedicated to solving our customers' most complex engineering challenges. We play a critical role at the intersection of the physical and digital world by providing the building blocks to sense, measure, interpret, connect and power. We design, manufacture, test and market a broad portfolio of solutions, including integrated circuits (ICs), software and subsystems that leverage high-performance analog, mixed-signal and digital signal processing technologies. Our comprehensive product portfolio, deep domain expertise and advanced manufacturing capabilities extend across high-performance precision and high-speed mixed-signal, power management and processing technologies – including data converters, amplifiers, power management, radio frequency (RF) ICs, edge processors and other sensors.
The Third Wave of Information and Communications Technology, as we refer to it at Analog Devices, is characterized by ubiquitous sensing, hyper-scale and edge computing and pervasive connectivity. These technological trends are driving a continuous evolution of new generations of applications that are increasing the demand for Analog Devices’ high-performance analog, mixed-signal, power and RF ICs. We have positioned our business to capitalize on the secular growth opportunities across our markets and to deliver innovative solutions. Central to our strategy is our focus on challenges that our customers have across the most impactful application areas. That is built around the following three key priorities, which will continue to drive our long-term success:
•Efficient use of capital. Research and development (R&D) is critical to continue our cycle of innovation-driven success. We target the most attractive opportunities, particularly across our business-to-business (B2B) markets including Industrial, Automotive and Communications. We are also deeply committed to extracting value from our recent acquisitions to complement our R&D and drive long-term value creation. Through the development of cutting-edge innovations and our ability to solve difficult problems across a broad array of applications, we generate significant cash flow and are deeply committed to delivering strong shareholder returns.
•Deepening customer-centricity. We possess a broad range of product portfolios, applications expertise, and manufacturing capabilities in high-performance power management and precision and high-speed signal processing technologies. At the same time, our engineering talent continues to be an important competitive differentiator in the semiconductor space. We strive to be the destination for the world's best engineering talent with a team of more than 11,000 engineers. Together, our products and our engineering talent enable us to partner with our customers, leveraging our analog domain expertise and receiving the full benefit of our technology capabilities to develop complete and innovative solutions.
•Capitalizing on secular trends. We are positioned to capitalize on important secular growth trends, including Industry 4.0, 5G communications networks, data center connectivity, electric vehicles, in-cabin experience, digital healthcare and space, as we are well-aligned with the key B2B markets driving this increase in data and we will continue to be a critical partner in the collection, creation and communication of our customers’ edge data.
In addition to driving organic growth, our strategy involves expansion through the acquisition of businesses, assets or technologies that allow us to complement our existing product offerings, expand our market coverage, increase our engineering talent or enhance our technological capabilities. For example, we have executed on this strategy through:
•the acquisition of Hittite Microwave Corporation in the fiscal year ended November 1, 2014, which strengthened our market leadership in high-performance RF and broadened our portfolio across the entire frequency spectrum from DC to 100 gigahertz;
•the acquisition of Linear Technology Corporation (Linear) in the fiscal year ended October 28, 2017, which added high-performance power management and additional precision signal processing to our portfolio, expanding and diversifying our offerings to deliver more complete solutions; and
•the acquisition of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. (Maxim) completed on August 26, 2021 and further described below, which strengthens our position as a high-performance analog semiconductor company.
We were incorporated in Massachusetts in 1965 with our corporate headquarters near Boston in Wilmington, Massachusetts. We have manufacturing facilities primarily in the United States, Ireland and Southeast Asia. Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol ADI and is included in the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index.
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Acquisition of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
On August 26, 2021 (Acquisition Date), we completed the acquisition of Maxim, an independent manufacturer of innovative analog and mixed-signal products and technologies. Pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of July 12, 2020 (the Merger Agreement), Maxim stockholders received, for each outstanding share of Maxim common stock, 0.6300 of a share of the Company’s common stock as of the Acquisition Date, for total consideration of approximately $28.0 billion of our common stock. The acquisition of Maxim is referred to as the Acquisition.
Available Information
We maintain a website with the address www.analog.com. We are not including the information contained on our website as a part of, or incorporating it by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We make available free of charge through our website our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K (including exhibits), and amendments to these reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish such material to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). We also make available on our website our by-laws, corporate governance guidelines, the charters for our audit committee, compensation committee, and nominating and corporate governance committee, our equity award granting policies, our code of business conduct and ethics which applies to our directors, officers and employees, and our related person transaction policy, and such information is available in print and free of charge to any shareholder of Analog Devices who requests it. In addition, we intend to disclose on our website any amendments to, or waivers from, our code of business conduct and ethics that are required to be publicly disclosed pursuant to rules of the SEC or Nasdaq.
Products
Semiconductor components are the building blocks used in electronic systems and equipment. These components are classified as either discrete devices, such as individual transistors, or as ICs, in which a number of transistors and other elements are combined to form a more complicated electronic circuit.
Our ICs are designed to address a wide range of real-world signal processing applications. We sell our ICs to customers worldwide, many of whom use products spanning our core technologies in a wide range of applications. Our IC product portfolio includes both general-purpose products used by a broad range of customers and applications, as well as application-specific products designed for specific target markets. By using readily available, high-performance, general-purpose products in their systems, our customers can reduce the time they need to bring new products to market. Given the high cost of developing more customized ICs, our standard products often provide a cost-effective solution for many low to medium volume applications. More specifically, our analog ICs monitor, condition, amplify or transform continuous analog signals associated with physical properties, such as temperature, pressure, weight, light, sound or motion, and play an important role in bridging real world phenomena to a variety of electronic systems. Analog ICs also provide voltage regulation and power control to electronic systems.
We also focus on working with leading customers to design application-specific solutions. We begin with our existing core technologies, which leverage our analog and mixed signal, power management, RF and microwave, edge processors and other sensors, and devise solutions that more closely meet the needs of a specific customer or group of customers. Because we have already developed the core technology platform for our general-purpose products, we can create application-specific solutions quickly and efficiently.
Our analog and mixed-signal IC technology has been the foundation of our business for over five decades, and we are one of the world’s largest suppliers of high-performance analog ICs. Our analog signal processing ICs are primarily high-performance devices, offering higher dynamic range, greater bandwidth, and other enhanced features. We believe that the principal advantages these products have as compared to competitors’ products include higher accuracy, higher speed, lower cost per function, smaller size, lower power consumption and fewer components, resulting in improved performance and reliability. Our product portfolio includes several thousand analog ICs, many of which can have several hundred end customers. Our analog ICs typically have long product life cycles. Our customers include original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and customers who build electronic subsystems for integration into larger systems.
Our product offerings include more than 75,000 stock keeping units (SKUs) that can be aggregated into the following general categories:
•Analog and Mixed Signal—We are a leading supplier of data converter products. Data converters translate real-world analog signals into digital data and also translate digital data into analog signals. Data converters remain our largest and most diverse product family and an area where we are continuously innovating to enable our customers to redefine and differentiate their products. Our converter products combine sampling rates and accuracy with the low noise, power, price and small package size required by industrial, automotive, consumer, and communications electronics.
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•Power Management & Reference—Power management and reference products, which include functions such as power conversion, driver monitoring, sequencing and energy management, provide efficient solutions for power management and conversion applications in the automotive, communications, industrial and high-end consumer markets. Our high-performance power ICs include powerful performance, integration and software design simulation tools to provide fast and accurate power supply designs.
•Amplifiers/Radio Frequency (RF) and Microwave—We are also a leading supplier of high-performance amplifiers which are used to condition analog signals. High performance amplifiers emphasize the performance dimensions of speed and precision. Within this product portfolio we provide precision, instrumentation, high speed, intermediate frequency/RF/microwave, broadband, and other amplifiers. Our analog product line also includes a broad portfolio of high-performance RF and microwave ICs covering the entire RF signal chain. Our high-performance RF and microwave ICs support the high-performance requirements of cellular infrastructure and a broad range of applications in our target markets, including instrumentation, aerospace and automotive.
•Sensors & Actuators—Our analog technology portfolio is comprised of sensor and actuator products, including products based on MEMS technology. MEMS technology enables us to build extremely small sensors that incorporate an electromechanical structure and the supporting analog circuitry for conditioning signals obtained from the sensing element. Our MEMS product portfolio includes accelerometers used to sense acceleration, gyroscopes used to sense rotation, inertial measurement units used to sense multiple degrees of freedom combining multiple sensing types along multiple axes, and broadband switches suitable for radio and instrument systems. We offer other high-performance sensors, from temperature to magnetic fields, that are deployed in a variety of systems. In addition to sensor products, our other analog product category includes isolators that enable designers to implement isolation in designs without the cost, size, power, performance, and reliability constraints found with optocouplers.
•Digital Signal Processing and System Products (DSPs)—DSPs are optimized for high-speed numeric calculations, which are essential for instantaneous, or real-time, processing of digital data generated, in most cases, from analog to digital signal conversion. Our DSPs are designed to be fully programmable and to efficiently execute specialized software programs, or algorithms, associated with processing digitized real-time, real-world data. Programmable DSPs are designed to provide the flexibility to modify the device’s function quickly and inexpensively using software. Our general-purpose DSP IC customers typically write their own algorithms using software development tools provided by us and third-party suppliers. Our DSPs are designed in families of products that share common architectures and therefore can execute the same software across a range of products.
Sales Channel
We sell our products globally through a direct sales force, third-party distributors, independent sales representatives and via our website. We have direct sales offices, sales representatives and/or distributors in over 50 countries. We support our worldwide sales efforts through our website and with extensive promotional programs that include editorial coverage and paid advertising in online and printed trade publications, webinars, social media and communities, promotional and training videos, direct mail programs, technical seminars and participation in trade shows. We publish, share and distribute technical content such as data sheets, application guides and catalogs. We maintain a staff of field application engineers who aid customers in incorporating our products into their products. In addition, we offer a variety of web-based tools that ease product selection and aid in the design process for our customers.
We believe distributors provide a cost-effective means of reaching a broad range of customers while providing efficient logistics services. From time to time, we may add or terminate distributors in specific geographies, or move customers to a direct support or fulfillment model as we deem appropriate given our strategies, the level of distributor business activity and distributor performance and financial condition.
These distributors typically maintain an inventory of our products. Some of them also sell products that compete with our products, including those for which we are an alternate source. We make sales to distributors under agreements that allow certain distributors to receive price adjustment credits and to return qualifying products for credit, as determined by us, in order to reduce the amounts of slow-moving, discontinued or obsolete product from their inventory. These agreements limit such returns to a certain percentage of our shipments to that distributor during the prior quarter. In addition, certain distributors are allowed to return unsold products if we terminate the relationship with the distributor. Additional information relating to our revenue and customer concentration is set forth in Note 2l, Concentrations of Risk; Note 2n, Revenue Recognition; and Note 4, Industry, Segment and Geographic Information, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We typically do not have long-term sales contracts with our customers. In some of our markets where end-user demand may be particularly volatile and difficult to predict, some customers place orders that require us to manufacture product and have it available for shipment, even though the customer is unwilling to make a binding commitment to purchase all, or even
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any, of the product. In other instances, we manufacture product based on forecasts of customer demand. As a result, we may incur inventory and manufacturing costs in advance of anticipated sales and are subject to the risk of cancellation of orders leading to a sharp reduction of sales and backlog. Further, those orders or forecasts may be for products that meet the customer’s unique requirements so that those canceled orders would, in addition, result in an inventory of unsaleable products, resulting in potential inventory write-offs. As a result of lengthy manufacturing cycles for some of our products that are subject to these uncertainties, the amount of unsaleable product could be substantial.
Markets
The breakdown of our annual revenue by end market is set out in the table below:
| End Market* | Percent of Fiscal 2021 Revenue | Percent of Fiscal 2020 Revenue | Percent of Fiscal 2019 Revenue | |||||||||||||||||
| Industrial | 55% | 54 | % | 50 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Automotive | 17% | 14 | % | 16 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Communications | 16% | 21 | % | 22 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Consumer | 12% | 11 | % | 13 | % | |||||||||||||||
*The sum of the individual percentages may not equal 100% due to rounding.
The following describes some of the characteristics of, and customer products within, our major end markets of Industrial, Automotive, Communications and Consumer:
Industrial — Our industrial market includes the following sectors:
Industrial Automation — We are a leader in industrial automation because we deliver robust, high performance solutions that impact our planet and people—from our deep motion and process control expertise and precision sensing measurement and interpretation, to expansive connectivity and power capabilities. We take real-world phenomena in the most complex environments on the factory floor, and translate it into valuable insights and outcomes. We co-create with customers to architect robotics systems and solutions that improve dynamic behavior and precision while enhancing worker safety, machine health, and manufacturing flexibility—delivering energy efficiency and sustainability. Our industrial automation market includes applications such as:
| • Condition-based monitoring (CbM) | • Industrial power supplies | |||||||
| • Industrial robotics | • Industrial motion control | |||||||
| • Factory and process control | ||||||||
Instrumentation & Measurement — Advances in wireless communication technology, autonomous vehicles, energy storage, human machine interfaces and cloud-connected sensors that help form the Internet of Things are driving the demand for faster and more precise measurement capabilities in smaller form-factors. Our semiconductors and advanced packaging technologies form the foundation of next-generation electronic test and measurement solutions for measuring the electrical parameters in applications such as these, enabling the research, development and production of future electronic systems. In addition, our ICs have set the standard for precision in battery formation and test, which is critical for ensuring battery quality and safety in electric vehicles. Our instrumentation and measurement market includes applications such as:
| • Automated test equipment | • Battery formation and test | |||||||
| • Weigh scales | • Chemical analysis and analytical instruments | |||||||
Aerospace/Defense — The defense, commercial avionics and space markets all require high-performance ICs that meet rigorous environmental and reliability specifications. Many of our ICs can be supplied in versions that meet these standards. In addition, many products can be supplied to meet the standards required for broadcast satellites and other commercial space applications. Most of our products sold in this market are specially tested versions of products derived from our standard product offering. As end systems are becoming more complex, many of our customers in this market also look for us to provide higher levels of integration in order to minimize size, weight and power and to improve ease-of-use. As such, we also sell products in the form of SiPs (system in package), printed circuit board assemblies, modules, and subsystems. Customer products include applications such as:
| • Navigation systems | • Radar systems | |||||||
| • Space and satellite communications | • Security devices | |||||||
| • Communication systems | • Electronic surveillance and countermeasures | |||||||
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Healthcare — The healthcare market is evolving in response to the need for increased access to better and more affordable care, as well as a growing focus on preventative healthcare and the need to better manage chronic conditions. To help achieve this, we are collaborating with customers and partners on innovative solutions that are designed to achieve better outcomes for patients and physicians at reduced costs for all. Our offerings include both standard and application-specific products and are used in applications such as:
| • Ultrasound systems | • Anesthesia equipment | |||||||
| • X-Ray equipment (CT and DR) | • Lab diagnostic equipment | |||||||
| • Image guided therapy | • Surgical tools and instruments | |||||||
| • Multi-parameter vital signs monitors | • Blood analyzers | |||||||
• Remote patient monitoring | • Point-of-care diagnostics | |||||||
Energy Management — The global drive towards improved energy efficiency, conservation, reliability and cleanliness is driving investments in electrification across many different application areas, including electric vehicle charging infrastructure, renewable energy, power transmission and distribution systems, electric meters and other innovative areas. The common characteristic behind these efforts is the addition of sensing, measurement and communication technologies to electrical infrastructure. Our offerings include both standard and application-specific products and are used in applications such as:
| • Utility meters | • Wind turbines | |||||||
| • Electric vehicle charging infrastructure | • Solar inverters | |||||||
| • Substation relays and automation equipment | • Building energy automation/control | |||||||
Automotive - We develop differentiated high-performance signal processing solutions, which enable sophisticated transportation systems that span Infotainment, Electrification and Autonomous applications. Through collaboration with manufacturers worldwide, we have developed a broad portfolio of analog, digital, power and sensor ICs that address the emerging needs of this evolving industry. Our focus is on audio/video applications that lead to an enriched in-cabin experience, electrification applications that improve vehicle range and reduce emissions, and mission-critical perception and navigation applications that enable vehicles to more clearly sense the external environment. Specifically, we have developed products used in applications such as:
| • | Car audio, voice processing and connectivity | • | Battery monitoring and management systems | ||||||||||||||||||||
| • | Video processing and connectivity | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Communications — The development of broadband, wireless and internet infrastructures around the world has created an important market for our communications products. Communications technology involves the processing of signals that are converted from analog to digital and digital to analog form during the process of transmitting and receiving data. The need for higher speed and reduced power consumption, coupled with more reliable, bandwidth-efficient communications, creates demand for our products, which are used in the full spectrum of signal processing for data, video, voice and machine-to-machine communications. In wireless and wireline communication applications, our products are incorporated into:
| • Cellular base station equipment | • Satellite and terrestrial broadband access equipment | |||||||
| • Microwave backhaul systems | • Optical and cable networking equipment for data center and carrier providers | |||||||
| • Data centers & data storage | ||||||||
Consumer — To address the market demand for state of the art personal and professional entertainment systems and the consumer demand for high quality user interfaces, music, movies and photographs, we have developed analog, digital and mixed-signal solutions that meet the rigorous cost and time-to-market requirements of the consumer electronics market. The emergence of high-performance, feature-rich consumer products has created a market for our high-performance ICs with a high level of specific functionality that enables best in class user experience. These products include:
| • Portable devices (smart phones, tablets and wearable devices) for media and vital signs monitoring applications | • Prosumer audio/video equipment | |||||||
See Note 4, Industry, Segment and Geographic Information, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information about our products by end market.
Competition
We believe that competitive performance in the marketplace for signal processing products depends upon multiple factors, including technological innovation, strength of brand, diversity of product portfolio, product performance, technical support, delivery capabilities, customer service quality, reliability and price, with the relative importance of these factors
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varying among products, markets, and customers. We compete with a number of semiconductor companies in markets that are highly competitive. Many companies have sufficient financial, manufacturing, technical, sales and marketing resources to develop and market products that compete with our products. Some of our competitors may have more advantageous supply or development relationships with our current and potential customers or suppliers. Our competitors also include both emerging companies selling specialized products in markets we serve and companies outside of the U.S., including entities associated with well-funded efforts by foreign governments to create indigenous semiconductor industries.
Our competitors include but are not limited to:
| • Broadcom Inc. | • Monolithic Power Systems, Inc. | |||||||
| • Infineon Technologies AG | • NXP Semiconductors N.V. | |||||||
| • Microchip Technology Incorporated | • Qorvo, Inc. | |||||||
| • STMicroelectronics N.V. | • Texas Instruments Incorporated | |||||||
| • Xilinx, Inc. | ||||||||
We believe that our technical innovation emphasizing product performance and reliability, supported by our commitment to strong customer service and technical support, enables us to make a fundamental difference to our customers’ competitiveness in our chosen markets.
Seasonality
Our sales are subject to a varying degree of seasonality. Historically, sales to customers during our first fiscal quarter may be lower than other quarters due to plant shutdowns at some of our customers during the holiday season. In general, the seasonality for any specific period of time has not had a material impact on our results of operations. In addition, as explained in our risk factors contained in Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, our revenue is more likely to be influenced on a quarter to quarter basis by cyclicality in the semiconductor industry.
We believe that a number of factors should be used to assess future customer demand, including backlog, macroeconomic trends, customer insights and current customer bookings as compared to billings (book-to-bill) ratio. We define backlog to mean firm orders from a customer or distributor with a requested delivery date within thirteen weeks. However, backlog may be impacted by the tendency of customers to rely on shorter lead times available from suppliers, including us, in periods of depressed demand. In periods of increased demand, there is a tendency towards longer lead times that has the effect of increasing backlog and, in some instances, we may not have manufacturing capacity sufficient to fulfill all orders. Recently, we have experienced increased demand within the semiconductor industry leading to a constrained supply environment which we believe will continue in the near term. We have added manufacturing capacity to address some of the increased demand and we have also required customers to commit to orders for up to a twenty week period prior to shipment to give us better visibility into the backlog. Outside of the commitments window noted above, as is customary in the semiconductor industry, we allow most orders to be canceled or deliveries to be delayed by customers without significant penalty, while also allowing certain distributors to receive price adjustment credits and to return qualifying products for credit, as determined by us, in order to reduce the amounts of slow-moving, discontinued or obsolete product from their inventory.
Production Resources
Monolithic IC components are manufactured in a sequence of semiconductor production steps that include wafer fabrication, wafer testing, dicing the wafer into individual “chips,” or dice, assembly of the dice into packages and electrical testing of the devices in final packaged form. The raw materials used to manufacture these devices include silicon wafers, processing chemicals (including liquefied gases), precious metals laminates, ceramic and plastic used for packaging. We utilize, develop and employ a wide variety of manufacturing processes, primarily based on bipolar and complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) transistors, which are specifically tailored for use in fabricating high-performance analog, DSP and mixed-signal ICs. Devices such as MEMS, iCoupler® isolators and various sensors are fabricated using specialized processes, which typically use substantially similar equipment as bipolar and CMOS processes.
Our IC products are fabricated on proprietary processes at our internal production facilities in Wilmington, Massachusetts; Camas, Washington; Beaverton, Oregon; and Limerick, Ireland and also on a mix of proprietary and non-proprietary processes at third-party wafer fabricators. We currently source approximately half of our wafer requirements annually internally and the remaining from third-party wafer fabrication foundries, such as Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) and others, typically where deep-submicron lithography capabilities and/or large manufacturing capacity is required. In addition, we operate an assembly and wafer sort facility in Penang, Malaysia, and test facilities in the Philippines and Thailand. We also make extensive use of third-party subcontractors for the assembly and testing of our products.
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Our products require a wide variety of components, raw materials and external foundry services, most of which we purchase from third-party suppliers. We have multiple sources for many of the components and materials that we purchase and incorporate into our products. If any of our key suppliers are unable or unwilling to manufacture and deliver sufficient quantities of components to us on the time schedule and of the quality that we require, we may be forced to seek to engage additional or replacement suppliers, which could result in significant expenses and disruptions or delays in manufacturing, product development and shipment of product to our customers. Given the current demand environment in the semiconductor industry, we expect to face a constrained supply environment in the near term. We are working to balance these constraints as we shift our global resources and add capacity where appropriate.
Patents and Intellectual Property Rights
We seek to establish and maintain our proprietary rights in our technology and products through the use of patents, copyrights, mask works, trademarks and trade secrets. We have a program to file applications for and obtain patents, copyrights, mask works and trademarks in the United States and in selected foreign countries where we believe filing for such protection is appropriate. We also seek to maintain our trade secrets and confidential information by nondisclosure policies and through the use of appropriate confidentiality agreements. We have obtained a substantial number of patents and trademarks in the United States and in other countries. As of October 30, 2021, we held approximately 4,700 U.S. patents and approximately 400 published pending U.S. patent applications with expiration dates ranging from 2021 through 2041. There can be no assurance, however, that the rights obtained can be successfully enforced against infringing products in every jurisdiction. While our patents, copyrights, mask works, trademarks and trade secrets provide some advantage and protection, we believe our competitive position and future success is largely determined by such factors as the system and application knowledge, innovative skills, technological expertise and management ability and experience of our personnel; the range and success of new products being developed by us; our market brand recognition and ongoing marketing efforts; and customer service and technical support. It is generally our policy to seek patent protection for significant inventions that may be patented, though we may elect, in certain cases, not to seek patent protection even for significant inventions, if we determine other protection, such as maintaining the invention as a trade secret, to be more advantageous. We also have trademarks that are used in the conduct of our business to distinguish genuine Analog Devices products, and we maintain cooperative advertising programs to promote our brands and identify products containing genuine Analog Devices components.
Environmental, Health and Safety Compliance
We are committed to protecting the environment and the health and safety of our employees, customers and the public. We endeavor to adhere to applicable environmental, health and safety (EHS) regulatory and industry standards across all of our facilities, and to encourage pollution prevention, reduce our water and energy consumption, reduce waste generation, and strive towards continual improvement. We strive to achieve excellence in EHS management practices as an integral part of our total quality management system.
Our EHS management systems in all of our facilities are certified to ISO 14001:2015 for environmental management, and all of our facilities conform to ISO 45001 for occupational health and safety. Our industrial hygiene surveillance program minimizes and prevents exposures in the workplace and reduces the risk of specific diseases. We use two industry standard metrics to assess injury performance and trends worldwide. Legacy Analog Devices' sites have ISO 45001 health and safety certification, with the exception of one site from the acquisition of Linear Technology Corporation which is planned for certification to the same standard by the second quarter of fiscal 2022. As part of our integration efforts, management is assessing the path to certification for Maxim sites.
Our manufacturing facilities are subject to numerous and increasingly strict federal, state, local and foreign EHS laws and regulations, particularly with respect to the transportation, storage, handling, use, emission, discharge and disposal of certain chemicals used or produced in the semiconductor manufacturing process. Our products are subject to increasingly stringent regulations regarding substance content in jurisdictions where we sell products, including the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directive in the European Union and China and the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) directive in the European Union. Contracts with many of our customers reflect these and additional EHS compliance standards. Compliance with these laws and regulations has not had a material impact on our capital expenditures, earnings, financial condition or competitive position. There can be no assurance, however, that current or future environmental laws and regulations will not impose costly requirements upon us. Any failure by us to comply with applicable environmental laws, regulations and contractual obligations could result in fines, suspension of production, the need to alter manufacturing processes and legal liability.
We are a member of the Responsible Business Alliance, which was formerly known as the Electronic Industry Citizenship Coalition, as well as a participant of the United Nations Global Compact and the Business Ambition for 1.5°C campaign. Our Corporate Responsibility Report (CRR) states our commitment to be carbon neutral by calendar year 2030 and achieve net zero emissions by calendar year 2050, to conserve resources by consuming less energy and water, to comply with our code of business conduct and ethics, and to apply fair labor standards, among other things. We are neither including the
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information contained in our CRR in, nor incorporating it by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The CRR is available on our website at www.analog.com/sustainability.
To further strengthen these commitments to environmental, social and governance (ESG) initiatives, we recently deployed three sustainable finance instruments. In April 2020, we completed our inaugural green bond issuance of $400 million, marking our leadership as the first semiconductor company and one of the first U.S. technology companies to issue a green bond in the U.S. debt capital markets. In June 2021, we refinanced our revolving credit facility with a new $2.5 billion sustainability-linked revolving credit facility, becoming one of the first semiconductor companies to use this instrument. In October 2021, we issued our inaugural sustainability-linked $750 million bond offering. These transactions support our commitment to environmental sustainability by linking financing to the achievement of our ambitious ESG targets.
Cybersecurity and Information Security Risk Oversight
We regularly perform risk assessments relating to cybersecurity and technology risks. Our enterprise security program has been developed based on industry standards, including those published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Highlights of the program include:
•A comprehensive set of enterprise security policies and procedures that guide our protection strategy.
•Protecting against threats through use of the following measures: identifying critical assets and high-risk threats; implementing cybersecurity detection, controls and remediation practices; implementing a third-party risk management program to evaluate our critical partners’ cyber posture; and evaluating our program effectiveness by performing internal and external audits.
Risks identified by our cybersecurity program are analyzed to determine the potential impact on us and the likelihood of occurrence. Such risks are continuously monitored to ensure that the circumstances and severity of such risks have not changed.
We conduct regular workforce training to instruct employees to identify cybersecurity concerns and take the appropriate action. We install and regularly update antivirus software on all company managed systems and workstations to detect and prevent malicious code from impacting our systems. In addition, we have a product security team focused on integrating risk and security best practices into our product development life cycle. Periodically, we are audited by an independent information systems expert to determine both the adequacy of, and compliance with, controls and standards.
Senior leadership and Internal Audit present to our full Board of Directors on information security and cybersecurity matters and risks at least annually. We have conducted an analysis and determined that an information security risk insurance policy would not be effective, and that we should continue to self-insure for cybersecurity risks. We have not experienced a material security breach in the last three years, and as a result, we have not incurred any net expenses from such a breach. Furthermore, we have not been penalized or paid any amount under an information security breach settlement over the last three years.
Human Capital and Empowerment
Our company was founded on the principle that people are our greatest asset. Our future success depends in large part on the continued service of our key technical and senior management personnel, and on our ability to continue to attract, retain and motivate qualified employees, particularly highly-skilled engineers involved in the design, development, support and manufacture of new and existing products and processes. In order for us to attract the best talent, we aim to offer challenging work in an environment that enables our employees to learn, grow and reach their full potential.
Core to our empowerment strategy is embracing diversity and building a culture of inclusion across the organization. We are working to achieve this by expanding the diversity of our workforce, creating growth and development opportunities for our employees, embracing different perspectives and fostering an inclusive work environment for all. We launched the People of Color and Allies Network (POCAN), a new employee resource group focused on elevating and prioritizing the needs of people of color and creating opportunities to support colleagues from underrepresented groups. POCAN broadens our network of existing employee groups, including the Women's Leadership Network, Young Professionals Network, and LGBTQ+ Network, which all contribute to our broader diversity and inclusion initiatives. As noted in "Environmental, Health and Safety Compliance" above, we published our annual CRR which details our sustainability efforts, operations efficiency, employee engagement, and governance, and also provides a look at the state of our organization and overview of some of the initiatives we have launched to drive continuous improvements across diversity and inclusion.
As of October 30, 2021, we had approximately 24,700 employees, of whom approximately 11,000 are in engineering roles. Approximately 60% of our workforce is male and 40% female. Our senior leadership team is 70% male and 30% female, while manager roles are approximately 74% male and 26% female. 30% of the members of our Board of Directors are female. For the year ended October 30, 2021 (fiscal 2021) our voluntary employee turnover rate was approximately 6.7%.
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Our human capital resource objectives include identifying, recruiting, retaining, incentivizing and integrating our existing and future employees. We strive to attract and retain the most talented employees in the industry and across the globe by offering competitive compensation and benefits that support their health, financial and emotional well-being. Our compensation philosophy is based on rewarding each employee’s individual contributions and striving to achieve equal pay for equal work regardless of gender, race or ethnicity. We use a combination of fixed and variable pay including base salary, bonuses, performance awards and equity compensation. The principal purposes of our equity incentive plans are to attract, retain and motivate selected employees and directors through the granting of stock-based compensation awards. We offer employees benefits that vary by country and are designed to meet or exceed local laws and to be competitive in the marketplace. Examples of benefits offered in the U.S. include a 401(k) plan with employer contributions; health benefits; life, business travel and disability insurance; additional voluntary insurance; paid time off and parental leave; education assistance; paid counseling assistance; backup child and adult care; adoption support; and family college planning. For further information concerning our equity incentive plans, see Note 3, Stock-based Compensation and Shareholders' Equity, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We conduct annual assessments that review department goals to identify talent needs, assess how each division is positioned from a talent perspective, review the current state of talent vitality for each division, review key talent segments and prioritize actions to identify and develop talent. We encourage all employees to never stop learning through the 70-20-10 philosophy. We believe that by employees growing through career experiences (70%), learning from others (20%) and education (10%), they can continue to further their own growth and development. We offer employees access to various internal and external formal training and development courses to support individual development. We regularly review succession plans and focus on promoting internal talent to help grow our employees' careers.
In order to ensure that we are meeting our human capital objectives we frequently utilize employee surveys to understand the effectiveness of our employee and compensation programs and where we can improve across the company. Our latest survey, which was completed in fiscal 2021 prior to the Acquisition, had a participation rate of over 87% of legacy employees of Analog Devices. The survey results indicated that we excel in areas including purpose, goals sharing, employee collaboration and overall culture. Our dual focus of being a great place to work and providing industry-leading benefits and work culture has led to strong employee satisfaction and pride that has been recognized across the globe, as evidenced with the following awards: Forbes America’s Best Employers List (2020, 2019, 2018), Forbes Global 2000: World’s Best Employer List (2019, 2018) and The Boston Globe’s Top Places to Work (2020, 2019, 2018, 2017).
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Set forth below and elsewhere in this report and in other documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) are descriptions of certain risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the results contemplated by the forward-looking statements in this report.
Risks Related to our Acquisition of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. (Maxim)
We will incur substantial expenses related to the integration of Maxim.
We completed our acquisition of Maxim, which we refer to as the acquisition or the merger, on August 26, 2021. We have incurred and expect to incur a number of non-recurring costs associated with combining the operations of the two companies. These costs and expenses include fees paid to financial, legal and accounting advisors, facilities and systems consolidation costs, severance and other potential employment-related costs, including severance payments that may be made to certain Maxim employees, filing fees, printing expenses and other related charges.
The combined company has and will continue to incur restructuring and integration costs in connection with the merger. The costs related to restructuring are being expensed as a cost of the ongoing results of operations. There are a large number of processes, policies, procedures, operations, technologies and systems that must be integrated in connection with the merger and the integration of Maxim’s business. Although we expect that the elimination of duplicative costs, strategic benefits, and additional income, as well as the realization of other efficiencies related to the integration of the businesses, may offset incremental transaction, merger-related and restructuring costs over time, any net benefit may not be achieved in the near term or at all.
Combining our business with Maxim’s may be more difficult, costly or time-consuming than expected and the combined company may fail to realize the anticipated benefits of the merger, which may adversely affect the combined company’s business results and negatively affect the value of the combined company’s common stock.
The success of the merger will depend on, among other things, the ability of the two companies to combine their businesses in a manner that facilitates growth opportunities and realizes expected cost savings. The combined company may encounter difficulties in integrating our and Maxim’s businesses and realizing the anticipated benefits of the merger. The combined company must achieve the anticipated growth and cost savings without adversely affecting current revenues and investments in future growth. If the combined company is not able to successfully achieve these objectives, the anticipated benefits of the merger may not be realized fully, or at all, or may take longer to realize than expected.
The merger involves the combination of two companies which operated, until the completion of the merger, as independent public companies. There can be no assurances that the two businesses can be integrated successfully. It is possible that the integration process could result in the loss of key employees from both companies, the loss of customers, the disruption of ongoing businesses, inconsistencies in standards, controls, procedures and policies, unexpected integration issues, higher than expected integration costs and an overall integration process that takes longer than originally anticipated. Management must devote attention and resources to integrating the combined company's business practices and operations. Potential difficulties the combined company may encounter as the integration process continues include the following:
•lost sales and customers as a result of certain of our and/or Maxim's customers deciding not to do business with the combined company, or deciding to decrease their amount of business in order to reduce their reliance on a single company;
•integrating personnel and operations from the two companies while maintaining focus on providing consistent, high-quality products and services, especially in the COVID-19 environment which has required employees to work remotely in some locations;
•potential unknown liabilities and unforeseen or increased costs and expenses; and
•performance shortfalls as a result of the diversion of management’s attention caused by integrating the companies’ operations.
Any of these factors could result in the combined company failing to realize the anticipated benefits of the acquisition, on the expected timeline or at all. An inability to realize the full extent of the anticipated benefits of the merger, as well as any delays encountered in the integration process, could have an adverse effect upon the revenues, level of expenses and operating results of the combined company, which may adversely affect the value of the common stock of the combined company.
In addition, the actual integration may result in additional and unforeseen expenses, and the anticipated benefits of the integration plan may not be realized. Actual growth and cost savings, if achieved, may be lower than what we expect and may take longer to achieve than anticipated. If we are not able to adequately address integration challenges, we may be unable to successfully integrate their operations or realize the anticipated benefits of the integration of the two companies.
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Risks Related to our Global Operations
The extent to which the novel strain of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic will adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations is uncertain.
The COVID-19 pandemic, and the numerous measures implemented by government authorities in response, have adversely impacted and are expected to continue to adversely impact our workforce and operations, the operations of our customers, and those of our respective vendors and suppliers. We have significant operations worldwide, including in the United States, the Philippines, Ireland, Thailand, Malaysia, China, and India. Each of these countries has been affected by the pandemic and taken measures to try to contain it, resulting in disruptions at some of our manufacturing operations and facilities, including restrictions on our access to facilities. It is uncertain what the full extent of the impact, and duration, of such measures and potential future measures may be and how such measures will affect our vendors and suppliers. Increased restrictions on or disruptions of transportation, such as reduced availability of air transport, port closures, and increased border controls or closures, could limit our capacity to meet customer demand and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The spread of COVID-19 has caused us to modify our business practices by, among other things, restricting employee travel, modifying employee work locations, and canceling physical participation in meetings, events and conferences. As a result of our changed workplace practices, many of our employees are temporarily working remotely. Any of these changes may adversely impact our business operations or customer relationships and result in further disruptions to our supply chain, manufacturing operations and facilities, and workplace. We may take further actions as may be required by government authorities or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers, partners, and suppliers, which may cause even further disruption. Although these alterations to our business practices are intended to minimize the spread of COVID-19, we cannot provide assurance that such measures will be sufficient to mitigate the risks posed by COVID-19, and if a significant number of our employees or members of our board of directors become ill, our ability to perform critical functions could be harmed.
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased economic and demand uncertainty and could result in a global recession. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to disruption and volatility in the global capital markets, which may adversely affect our and our customers’ and suppliers’ liquidity, cost of capital and ability to access the capital markets. As a result, the continued spread of COVID-19 could cause further disruption in our supply chain and customer demand, and could adversely affect the ability of our customers to perform, including in making timely payments to us, which could further adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We cannot at this time fully quantify or forecast the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business. The full extent of the impact of the pandemic on our business, financial condition and results of operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain, including the continued duration and severity of the pandemic, the spread of more contagious variants of the virus, the adoption rate of vaccines, the actions to contain the virus or treat its impact, or how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume.
Political and economic uncertainty as well as disruptions in global credit and financial markets could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Continuing political and global macroeconomic uncertainty, including related to the COVID-19 pandemic, trade and political disputes between the United States and China, China-Taiwan relations, and the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union, and uncertainty regarding the stability of global credit and financial markets may lead consumers and businesses to postpone or reduce spending, which may cause our customers to cancel, decrease or delay their existing and future orders for our products and make it difficult for us to accurately forecast and plan our future business activities. Financial difficulties experienced by our customers could result in nonpayment or payment delays for previously purchased products, thereby increasing our credit risk exposure. Uncertainty regarding the macroeconomic conditions as well as the future stability of the global credit and financial markets could cause the value of the currency in the affected markets to deteriorate, thus reducing the purchasing power of those customers. Significant disruption to global credit and financial markets may also adversely affect our ability to access external financing sources on acceptable terms. In addition, financial difficulties experienced by our suppliers, distributors or customers could result in product delays, increased accounts receivable defaults and inventory challenges. If economic conditions deteriorate, we may record additional charges relating to restructuring costs or the impairment of assets and our business and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
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We are exposed to business, economic, political, legal, regulatory and other risks through our significant worldwide operations, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We have significant operations and manufacturing facilities outside the United States, including in Ireland, the Philippines, Thailand, and Malaysia. A significant portion of our revenue is derived from customers in international markets, and we expect that international sales will continue to account for a significant portion of our revenue in the future. Risks associated with our international business operations include the following:
•political, legal and economic changes, crises or instability and civil unrest in markets in which we do business, such as potential macroeconomic weakness related to trade and political disputes between the United States and China, changes in China-Taiwan relations that may adversely affect our operations in Taiwan, our customers, and the technology industry supply chain, the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union and the implementation of the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement;
•compliance requirements of U.S. customs and export regulations, including the Export Administration Regulations and the International Traffic and Arms Regulations;
•currency conversion risks and exchange rate and interest rate fluctuations, including the potential impact of the transition from LIBOR;
•trade policy, commercial, travel, export or taxation disputes or restrictions, government sanctions, import or export tariffs, changes to export classifications or other restrictions imposed by the U.S. government or by the governments of the countries in which we do business, particularly in China;
•complex, varying and changing government regulations and legal standards and requirements, particularly with respect to tax regulations, price protection, competition practices, export control regulations and restrictions, customs and tax requirements, immigration, anti-boycott regulations, data privacy, intellectual property, anti-corruption and environmental compliance, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act;
•economic disruption from terrorism and threats of terrorism and the response to them by the U.S. and its allies;
•increased managerial complexities, including different employment practices and labor issues;
•changes in immigration laws, regulations and procedures and enforcement practices of various government agencies;
•greater difficulty enforcing intellectual property rights and weaker laws protecting such rights;
•natural disasters or public health emergencies, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic;
•transportation disruptions and delays and increases in labor and transportation costs;
•changes to foreign taxes, tariffs and freight rates;
•fluctuations in raw material costs and energy costs;
•greater difficulty in accounts receivable collections and longer collection periods; and
•costs associated with our foreign defined benefit pension plans.
Any of these risks, or any other risks related to international business operations, could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Many of these risks are present within our business operations in China. For example, changes in U.S.-China relations, the political environment or international trade policies and relations could result in further revisions to laws or regulations or their interpretation and enforcement, increased taxation, trade sanctions, the imposition of import or export duties and tariffs, restrictions on imports or exports, currency revaluations, or retaliatory actions, which have had and may continue to have an adverse effect on our business plans and operating results. In addition, expanded export restrictions may limit our ability to sell to certain Chinese companies and to third parties that do business with those companies. These restrictions have created and may continue to create uncertainty and caution with our current or prospective customers and may cause them to amass large inventories of our products, replace our products with products from another supplier that is not subject to the export restrictions, or focus on building indigenous semiconductor capacity to reduce reliance on U.S. suppliers. Furthermore, if these export restrictions cause our current or potential customers to view U.S. companies as unreliable, we could suffer reputational damage or lose business to foreign competitors who are not subject to such export restrictions, and our business could be materially harmed. We are continuing to evaluate the impact of these restrictions on our business, but these actions may have direct and indirect adverse impacts on our revenues and results of operations in China and elsewhere.
In addition, our success in the Chinese markets may be adversely affected by China's continuously evolving policies, laws and regulations, including those relating to antitrust, cybersecurity, data protection and data privacy, the environment, indigenous innovation and the promotion of a domestic semiconductor industry, and intellectual property rights and enforcement and protection of those rights.
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If we are unable to address our U.S. cash requirements, it may be necessary for us to consider repatriation of foreign earnings, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
We carry outside basis differences in certain of our subsidiaries, primarily arising from acquisition accounting adjustments and certain undistributed earnings that are considered indefinitely reinvested. We intend to reinvest these funds in our international operations, and our current plans do not demonstrate a need to repatriate these earnings to fund our U.S. cash requirements. We require a substantial amount of cash in the United States for operating requirements, stock repurchases, cash dividends and acquisitions. If we are unable to address our U.S. cash requirements through operations, borrowings under our current revolving credit facility, future debt or equity offerings or other sources of cash obtained at an acceptable cost, it may be necessary for us to consider repatriation of earnings that are indefinitely reinvested, and we may be required to pay additional taxes under current tax laws, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
Risks Related to our Business, Industry and Partners
Our future revenue, gross margins, operating results, net income and earnings per share are difficult to predict and may materially fluctuate.
Our future revenue, gross margins, operating results, net income and earnings per share are difficult to predict and may be materially affected by a number of factors, including:
•the extent of the impact and the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic;
•the effects of adverse economic conditions in the markets in which we sell our products, including inflationary pressures;
•changes in customer demand or order patterns for our products and/or for end products that incorporate our products;
•the timing, delay, reduction or cancellation of significant customer orders and our ability to manage inventory;
•our ability to accurately forecast distributor demand for our products;
•our ability to accurately estimate future distributor pricing credits and/or stock rotation rights;
•our ability to effectively manage our cost structure in both the short term and over a longer duration;
•changes in geographic, product or customer mix;
•changes in our effective tax rates or new or revised tax legislation in the United States, Ireland or worldwide;
•the effects of issued, threatened or retaliatory government sanctions, trade barriers or economic restrictions; changes in law, regulations or other restrictions, including executive orders; and changes in import and export regulations, including restrictions on exports to certain companies or to third parties that do business with such companies, export classifications, or duties and tariffs, particularly with respect to China;
•the timing of new product announcements or introductions by us, our customers or our competitors and the market acceptance of such products;
•pricing decisions and competitive pricing pressures;
•fluctuations in manufacturing yields, adequate availability of wafers and other raw materials, and manufacturing, assembly and test capacity;
•the ability of our third-party suppliers, subcontractors and manufacturers to supply us with sufficient quantities of raw materials, products and/or components;
•a decline in infrastructure spending by foreign governments, including China;
•a decline in the U.S. government defense budget, changes in spending or budgetary priorities, a prolonged U.S. government shutdown or delays in contract awards;
•any significant decline in our backlog;
•our ability to recruit, hire, retain and motivate adequate numbers of engineers and other qualified employees to meet the demands of our customers;
•our ability to generate new design opportunities and win competitive bid selection processes;
•the increasing costs of providing employee benefits worldwide, including health insurance, retirement plan and pension plan contributions and retirement benefits;
•our ability to utilize our manufacturing facilities at efficient levels;
•potential significant litigation-related costs or product liability, warranty and/or indemnity claims, including those not covered by our suppliers or insurers;
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•the difficulties inherent in forecasting future operating expense levels, including with respect to costs associated with labor, utilities, transportation and raw materials;
•the costs related to compliance with increasing worldwide government, environmental and social responsibility standards;
•new accounting pronouncements or changes in existing accounting standards and practices; and
•the effects of public health emergencies, civil unrest, natural disasters, widespread travel disruptions, security risks, terrorist activities, international conflicts and other events beyond our control.
In addition, the semiconductor market has historically been cyclical and subject to significant economic upturns and downturns. Our business and certain of the end markets we serve are also subject to rapid technological changes and material fluctuations in demand based on end-user preferences. There can be no assurance (i) that products stocked in our inventory will not be rendered obsolete before we ship them, or (ii) that we will be able to design, develop and produce products in a timely fashion to accommodate changing customer demand. As a result of these and other factors, we may experience material fluctuations in future revenue, gross margins, operating results, net income and earnings per share on a quarterly or annual basis. Our historical financial performance and results of operations should not be relied upon as indicators of future performance or results. In addition, if our revenue, gross margins, operating results, net income and earnings per share results or expectations do not meet the expectations of securities analysts or investors, the market price of our common stock may decline.
Increases in our effective tax rate and exposure to additional tax liabilities may adversely impact our results of operations.
Our effective tax rate reflects the applicable tax rate in effect in the various tax jurisdictions around the world where our income is earned. Our effective tax rate for the fiscal year ended October 30, 2021 was below our U.S. federal statutory rate of 21%. This is primarily due to lower statutory tax rates applicable to our operations in the foreign jurisdictions in which we earn income. A number of factors may increase our future effective tax rate, including: new or revised tax laws or legislation or the interpretation of such laws or legislation by governmental authorities; increases in tax rates in various jurisdictions; variation in the mix of jurisdictions in which our profits are earned and taxed; deferred taxes arising from basis differences in investments in foreign subsidiaries; any adverse resolution of ongoing tax audits or adverse rulings from taxing authorities worldwide; changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities; adjustments to income taxes upon finalization of various tax returns; increases in expenses not deductible for tax purposes, including executive compensation subject to the limitations of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code and amortization of assets acquired in connection with strategic transactions; decreased availability of tax deductions for stock-based compensation awards worldwide; and changes in available tax credits. In addition, we have a partial tax holiday through July 2025 in Malaysia. The ability to extend such tax holiday beyond its expiration date cannot be assured. In addition, if we fail to meet certain conditions of the tax holiday, we may lose the benefit of the tax holiday and/or be subject to additional taxes and/or penalties. Any significant increase in our future effective tax rate could adversely impact our net income during future periods.
Compliance with tax legislation may require the collection of information not regularly produced within the Company, and therefore necessitate the use of estimates in our Consolidated Financial Statements and the exercise of significant judgment in accounting for its provisions. As regulations and guidance evolve with respect to tax legislation, and as more information is gathered and analyzed, our results may differ from previous estimates and may materially affect our Consolidated Financial Statements.
We are also subject to laws and regulations in various jurisdictions that determine how much profit has been earned and when it is subject to taxation in that jurisdiction. Changes in these laws and regulations, including those that align to or are associated with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) Actions Plans, could impact the jurisdictions where we are deemed to earn income, which could in turn adversely affect our tax liability and results of operations.
Our customers typically do not make long-term product purchase commitments and incorrect forecasts or reductions, cancellations or delays in orders for our products could adversely affect our operating results.
We typically do not have sales contracts with our customers that include long-term product purchase commitments. In certain markets where end-user demand may be particularly volatile and difficult to predict, some customers place orders that require us to manufacture product and have it available for shipment, even though the customer is unwilling to make a binding commitment to purchase all, or even any, of the product. In other instances, we manufacture product based on non-binding forecasts of customer demands, which may fluctuate significantly on a quarterly or annual basis and at times may prove to be inaccurate. Additionally, our U.S. government contracts and subcontracts may be funded in increments over a number of government budget periods and typically can be terminated by the government for its convenience. As a result, we may incur inventory and manufacturing costs in advance of anticipated sales, and we are subject to the risk of lower than expected orders or cancellations of orders, leading to a sharp reduction of sales and backlog. Further, if orders or forecasts for products that
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meet a customer’s unique requirements are canceled or unrealized we may be left with an inventory of unsaleable products, causing potential inventory write-offs, and hindering our ability to recover our costs. As a result of lengthy manufacturing cycles for certain of the products that are subject to these uncertainties, the amount of unsaleable product could be substantial. Incorrect forecasts, or reductions, cancellations or delays in orders for our products could adversely affect our operating results.
Our future success depends upon our ability to execute our business strategy, continue to innovate, improve our existing products, design, develop, produce and market new products, and identify and enter new markets.
Our future success significantly depends on our ability to execute our business strategy, continue to innovate, improve our existing products, and design, develop, produce and market innovative new products and system-level solutions. Product design, development, innovation and enhancement is often a complex, time-consuming and costly process involving significant investment in research and development, with no assurance of return on investment. There can be no assurance that we will be able to develop and introduce new and improved products in a timely or efficient manner or that new and improved products, if developed, will achieve market acceptance. Our products generally must conform to various evolving and sometimes competing industry standards, which may adversely affect our ability to compete in certain markets or require us to incur significant costs. In addition, our customers generally impose very high quality and reliability standards on our products, which often change and may be difficult or costly to satisfy. Any inability to satisfy customer quality and reliability standards or comply with industry standards and technical requirements may adversely affect demand for our products and our results of operations.
Our growth is also dependent on our ability to identify and penetrate new markets where we have limited experience yet require significant investments, resources and technological advancements in order to compete effectively, and there can be no assurance that we will achieve success in these markets. There can be no assurance that the markets we serve and/or target based on our business strategy will grow in the future, that our existing and new products will meet the requirements of these markets, that our products, or the end-products in which our products are used, will achieve customer acceptance in these markets, that competitors will not force price reductions or take market share from us, or that we can achieve or maintain adequate gross margins or profits in these markets.
We may not be able to compete successfully in markets within the semiconductor industry in the future.
We face intense competition in the semiconductor industry, and we expect this competition to increase in the future, including from companies located outside of the United States. Competition is generally based on innovation, design, quality and reliability of products, product performance, features and functionality, product pricing, availability and capacity, technological service and support, and the availability of integrated system solutions, with the relative importance of these factors varying among products, markets and customers. Many companies have sufficient financial, manufacturing, technical, sales and marketing resources to develop and market products that compete with our products. Some of our competitors may have more advantageous supply or development relationships with our current and potential customers or suppliers. Our competitors also include both emerging companies selling specialized products in markets we serve and companies outside of the U.S., including entities associated with well-funded efforts by foreign governments to create indigenous semiconductor industries. Existing or new competitors may develop products or technologies that more effectively address the demands of our customers and markets with enhanced performance, features and functionality, lower power requirements, greater levels of integration or lower cost. In addition, as we seek to expand our business, including the design and production of products and services for developing and emerging markets, we may encounter increased competition from our current competitors and/or new competitors. Increased competition in certain markets has resulted in and may continue to result in declining average selling prices, reduced gross margins and loss of market share in those markets. There can be no assurance that we will be able to compete successfully in the future against existing or new competitors, or that our operating results will not be adversely affected by increased competition. In addition, the semiconductor industry has experienced significant consolidation over the past several years. Consolidation among our competitors could lead to a changing competitive landscape, which could negatively impact our competitive position and market share and harm our results of operations.
We rely on third parties for supply of raw materials and parts, semiconductor wafer foundry services, assembly and test services, and transportation, among other things, and we generally cannot control their availability or conditions of supply or services.
We rely, and plan to continue to rely, on third-party suppliers and service providers, including raw material and components suppliers, semiconductor wafer foundries, assembly and test contractors, and freight carriers (collectively, vendors) in manufacturing our products. This reliance involves several risks, including reduced control over availability, capacity utilization, delivery schedules, manufacturing yields, and costs. We currently source approximately half of our wafer requirements annually from third-party wafer foundries, including Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) and others. These foundries often provide wafer foundry services to our competitors and therefore periods of increased industry demand may result in capacity constraints. With respect to TSMC in particular, geopolitical changes in China-Taiwan relations could disrupt TSMC’s operations, which would adversely affect our ability to manufacture certain products. Recently, we have experienced increased demand leading to a constrained supply environment which we believe will continue in the near term. In
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addition, our manufacturing processes require availability of certain raw materials and supplies. Limited or delayed access to these items could adversely affect our results of operations. In certain instances, one of our vendors may be the sole source of highly specialized processing services or materials. If such vendor is unable or unwilling to manufacture and deliver components to us on the time schedule and of the quality or quantity that we require, we may be forced to seek to engage an additional or replacement vendor, which could result in additional expenses and delays in product development or shipment of product to our customers. If additional or replacement vendors are not available, we may also experience delays in product development or shipment which could, in turn, result in the temporary or permanent loss of customers.
A prolonged disruption of our internal manufacturing operations could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition to leveraging an outsourcing model for manufacturing operations, we also rely on our internal manufacturing operations located in the United States, Ireland, the Philippines, Thailand and Malaysia. A prolonged disruption at, or inability to utilize, one or more of our manufacturing facilities, loss of raw materials or damage to our manufacturing equipment for any reason, including due to the COVID-19 pandemic, natural or man-made disasters, civil unrest or other events outside of our control, such as widespread outbreaks of illness, or the failure to maintain our labor force at one or more of these facilities, may disrupt our operations, delay production, shipments and revenue and result in us being unable to timely satisfy customer demand. As a result, we could forgo revenue opportunities, potentially lose market share and damage our customer relationships, all of which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The markets for semiconductor products are cyclical, and increased production may lead to overcapacity and lower prices, and conversely, we may not be able to satisfy unexpected demand for our products.
The cyclical nature of the semiconductor industry has resulted in periods when demand for our products has increased or decreased rapidly. The demand for our products is subject to the strength of our four major end markets of Industrial, Automotive, Communications, and Consumer. If we expand our operations and workforce too rapidly or procure excessive resources in anticipation of increased demand for our products, and that demand does not materialize at the pace at which we expect, or declines, or if we overbuild inventory in a period of decreased demand, our operating results may be adversely affected as a result of increased operating expenses, reduced margins, underutilization of capacity or asset impairment charges. These capacity expansions by us and other semiconductor manufacturers could also lead to overcapacity in our target markets which could lead to price erosion that would adversely impact our operating results. Conversely, during periods of rapid increases in demand, our available capacity may not be sufficient to satisfy the demand. In addition, we may not be able to expand our workforce and operations in a sufficiently timely manner, procure adequate resources and raw materials, locate suitable third-party suppliers, or respond effectively to changes in demand for our existing products or to demand for new products requested by our customers, and our current or future business could be materially and adversely affected.
Our semiconductor products are complex and we may be subject to warranty, indemnity and/or product liability claims, which could result in significant costs and damage to our reputation and adversely affect customer relationships, the market acceptance of our products and our operating results.
Semiconductor products are highly complex and may contain defects that affect their quality or performance. Failures in our products and services or in the products of our customers could result in damage to our reputation for reliability and increase our legal or financial exposure to third parties. Certain of our products and services could also contain security vulnerabilities, defects, bugs and errors, which could also result in significant data losses, security breaches and theft of intellectual property. We generally warrant that our products will meet their published specifications, and that we will repair or replace defective products, for one year from the date title passes from us to the customer. We invest significant resources in the testing of our products; however, if any of our products contain defects, we may be required to incur additional development and remediation costs pursuant to warranty and indemnification provisions in our customer contracts and purchase orders. These problems may divert our technical and other resources from other product development efforts and could result in claims against us by our customers or others, including liability for costs and expenses associated with product defects, including recalls, which may adversely impact our operating results. We may also be subject to customer intellectual property indemnity claims. Our customers have on occasion been sued, and may be sued in the future, by third parties alleging infringement of intellectual property rights, or damages resulting from use of our products. Those customers may seek indemnification from us under the terms and conditions of our sales contracts with them. In certain cases, our potential indemnification liability may be significant.
Further, we sell to customers in industries such as automotive (including autonomous vehicles), aerospace, defense, and healthcare, where failure of the systems in which our products are integrated could cause damage to property or persons. We may be subject to product liability claims if our products, or the integration of our products, cause system failures. Any product liability claim, whether or not determined in our favor, could result in significant expense, divert the efforts of our technical and management personnel, and harm our business. In addition, if any of our products contain defects, or have reliability, quality or
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compatibility problems not capable of being resolved, our reputation may be damaged, which could make it more difficult for us to sell our products to customers and which could also adversely affect our operating results. Furthermore, we market and sell our products through authorized third-party distributors, and from time to time our products may be diverted from our authorized distribution channels and sold on the “gray market.” There is a risk that customers purchasing our products on the gray market may use our products for purposes for which they were not intended, or may purchase counterfeit or substandard products, including products that have been altered, mishandled or damaged, or used products presented as new, which could result in damage to property or persons and cause serious reputational harm.
The fabrication of integrated circuits is highly complex and precise, and our manufacturing processes utilize a substantial amount of technology. Minute impurities, contaminants in the manufacturing environment, difficulties in the fabrication process, defects in the masks used in the wafer manufacturing process, manufacturing equipment failures, wafer breakage or other factors can cause a substantial percentage of wafers to be rejected or numerous dice on each wafer to be nonfunctional. While we have significant expertise in semiconductor manufacturing, it is possible that some processes could become unstable. This instability could result in manufacturing delays and product shortages, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results.
If we are unable to recruit or retain our key personnel, our ability to execute our business strategy will be adversely affected.
Our continued success depends to a significant extent upon the recruitment, retention and effective succession of our key personnel, including our leadership team, management and technical personnel, particularly our experienced engineers. The competition for these employees is intense. The loss of key personnel or the inability to attract, hire and retain key employees with critical technical skills to achieve our strategy, including as a result of changes to immigration policies, could also have a material adverse effect on our business. We do not maintain any key person life insurance policy on any of our officers or other employees.
To remain competitive, we may need to invest in or acquire other companies, purchase or license technology from third parties, or enter into other strategic transactions in order to introduce new products or enhance our existing products.
An element of our business strategy involves expansion through the acquisitions of businesses, assets, products or technologies that allow us to complement our existing product offerings, diversify our product portfolio, expand our market coverage, increase our engineering workforce, expand our technical skill sets or enhance our technological capabilities. We may not be able to find businesses that have the technology or resources we need and, if we find such businesses, we may not be able to invest in, purchase or license the technology or resources on commercially favorable terms or at all. Acquisitions, investments and technology licenses are challenging to complete for a number of reasons, including difficulties in identifying potential targets, the cost of potential transactions, competition among prospective buyers and licensees, the need for regulatory approvals, and difficulties related to integration efforts. In addition, investments in companies are subject to a risk of a partial or total loss of our investment. Both in the U.S. and abroad, governmental regulation of acquisitions, including antitrust and other regulatory reviews and approvals, has become more complex, increasing the costs and risks of undertaking and consummating significant acquisitions. In order to finance a potential transaction, we may need to raise additional funds by issuing securities or borrowing money. We may not be able to obtain financing on favorable terms, and the sale of our stock may result in the dilution of our existing shareholders or the issuance of securities with rights that are superior to the rights of our common shareholders.
Acquisitions also involve a number of challenges and risks, including:
•diversion of management’s attention in connection with both negotiating the transaction and integrating the acquired assets and businesses;
•difficulty or delay integrating acquired technologies, operations, systems and infrastructure, and personnel with our existing businesses;
•strain on managerial and operational resources as management tries to oversee larger or more complex operations;
•the future funding requirements for acquired companies, including research and development costs, employee compensation and benefits, and operating expenses, which may be significant;
•servicing significant debt that may be incurred in connection with acquisitions;
•potential loss of key employees;
•exposure to unforeseen liabilities or regulatory compliance issues of acquired companies;
•higher than expected or unexpected costs relating to or associated with an acquisition and integration of assets and businesses;
•difficulty realizing expected cost savings, operating synergies and growth prospects of an acquisition in a timely manner or at all; and
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•increased risk of costly and time-consuming legal proceedings.
If we are unable to successfully address these risks, we may not realize some or all of the expected benefits of our acquisitions, which may have an adverse effect on our business strategy, plans and operating results.
Our results of operations could be affected by natural disasters in the locations in which we operate.
We, like many companies in the semiconductor industry, rely on supplies, services, internal manufacturing capacity, wafer fabrication foundries and other subcontractors in locations around the world that are susceptible to natural disasters and other significant disruptions. Earthquakes, fires, tsunamis, flooding or other natural disasters may disrupt local semiconductor-related businesses and adversely affect manufacturing capacity, availability and cost of key raw materials, utilities and equipment, and availability of key services, including transport of our products worldwide. Our insurance may not adequately cover losses resulting from such disruptions. Any prolonged inability to utilize one of our manufacturing facilities, or those of our subcontractors or third-party wafer fabrication foundries, as a result of fire, flood, natural disaster, unavailability of utilities or otherwise, could result in a temporary or permanent loss of customers for affected products, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. In addition, global climate change can result in certain natural disasters occurring more frequently or with greater intensity, such as drought, wildfires, storms, sea-level rise, and flooding, and could disrupt the availability of water necessary for the operation of our fabrication facilities located in semi-arid regions. During 2021, the west coast of the U.S. experienced historic wildfires where we have operations and manufacturing facilities. The long-term effects of climate change on the global economy and the semiconductor industry in particular are unclear, but could be severe.
Our operating results are dependent on the performance of independent distributors.
A significant portion of our sales are through independent global and regional distributors that are not under our control. These independent distributors generally represent product lines offered by several companies and thus could reduce their sales efforts for our products or they could terminate their representation of us. We generally do not require letters of credit from our distributors, including our largest distributor, and are not protected against accounts receivable default or declarations of bankruptcy by these distributors. Our inability to collect open accounts receivable could adversely affect our operating results. Termination of a significant distributor or a group of distributors, whether at our initiative or the distributor’s initiative or through consolidation in the distribution industry, could disrupt our current business, and if we are unable to find suitable replacements with the appropriate scale and resources, our operating results could be adversely affected.
We are required to estimate the effects of returns and allowances provided to distributors and record revenue at the time of sale to the distributor. If our estimates of such credits and rights are materially understated, it could cause subsequent adjustments that negatively impact our revenues and gross profits in a future period.
Our stock price may be volatile.
The market price of our common stock has been volatile in the past and may be volatile in the future, as it may be significantly affected by factors including:
•the extent of the impact and the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic;
•global economic conditions generally;
•crises in global credit, debt and financial markets;
•actual or anticipated fluctuations in our revenue and operating results;
•changes in financial estimates or other statements made by securities analysts or others in analyst reports or other publications, or our failure to perform in line with those estimates or statements or our published guidance;
•financial results and prospects of our customers;
•U.S. and foreign government actions, including with respect to trade, travel, export and taxation;
•changes in market valuations of other semiconductor companies;
•rumors and speculation in the press, investment community or on social media about us, our customers or other companies in our industry;
•announcements by us, our customers or our competitors of significant new products, technical innovations, material transactions, acquisitions or dispositions, litigation, capital commitments, including share repurchases and dividend policies, or revised earnings estimates;
•departures of key personnel;
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•alleged noncompliance with laws, regulations or ethics standards by us or any of our employees, officers or directors; and
•negative media publicity targeting us or our suppliers, customers or competitors.
The stock market has historically experienced volatility, especially within the semiconductor industry, that often has been unrelated to the performance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may cause our stock price to fall regardless of our operating results.
Our directors and executive officers periodically buy or sell shares of our common stock in the market, including pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 trading plans. Regardless of the individual's reasons for such purchases or sales, securities analysts and investors could view such transactions as positive or negative indicators and our stock price could be adversely affected as a result.
Risks Related to our Indebtedness
If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow, we may not be able to service our debt obligations, including making payments on our outstanding indebtedness.
Our ability to make payments of principal and interest on our indebtedness when due depends upon our future performance, which will be subject to general economic conditions, industry cycles and financial, business and other factors affecting our consolidated operations, many of which are beyond our control. For example, the disruption to economic activity resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic has had, and is likely to continue to have, adverse effects on our supply chain, manufacturing operations and facilities, and workforce. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow from operations in the future to service our outstanding debt, we may be required to, among other things:
•seek additional financing in the debt or equity markets;
•refinance or restructure all or a portion of our indebtedness;
•borrow under our revolving credit facility;
•divert funds that would otherwise be invested in growing our business operations;
•repatriate earnings as dividends from foreign locations with potential for negative tax consequences; or
•sell selected assets.
Such measures might not be sufficient to enable us to service our debt, which could negatively impact our financial results. In addition, we may not be able to obtain any such financing, refinancing or complete a sale of assets on economically favorable terms. In the case of financing or refinancing, favorable interest rates will depend on the health of the debt capital markets.
Restrictions in our revolving credit facility and outstanding debt instruments may limit our activities.
Our current revolving credit facility and outstanding debt instruments impose, and future debt instruments to which we may become subject may impose, restrictions that limit our ability to engage in activities that could otherwise benefit our Company, including to undertake certain transactions, to create certain liens on our assets and to incur certain subsidiary indebtedness. Our ability to comply with these financial restrictions and covenants is dependent on our future performance, which is subject to prevailing economic conditions and other factors, including factors that are beyond our control such as changes in technology, government regulations and the level of competition in our markets. In addition, our revolving credit facility require us to maintain compliance with specified financial ratios. If we breach any of the covenants under our revolving credit facility, the indentures governing our outstanding senior unsecured notes, or any future debt instruments to which we may become subject and do not obtain appropriate waivers, then, subject to applicable cure periods, our outstanding indebtedness thereunder could be declared immediately due and payable and/or we may be restricted from further borrowing under our revolving credit facility.
Risks Related to Legal, Regulatory and Compliance Matters
We may be unable to adequately protect our proprietary intellectual property rights, which may limit our ability to compete effectively.
Our future success depends, in part, on our ability to protect our intellectual property. We primarily rely on patent, mask work, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws, as well as nondisclosure agreements, information security practices, and other methods, to protect our proprietary information, technologies and processes. Despite our efforts to protect our intellectual property, it is possible that competitors or other unauthorized third parties may obtain or disclose our confidential information, reverse engineer or copy our technologies, products or processes, or otherwise misappropriate our intellectual property.
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Moreover, the laws of foreign countries in which we design, manufacture, market and sell our products may afford little or no effective protection of our intellectual property.
There can be no assurance that the claims allowed in our issued patents will be sufficiently broad to protect our technology. In addition, any of our existing or future patents may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented. As such, any rights granted under these patents may not prevent others from exploiting our proprietary technology. We may not be able to obtain foreign patents or pending applications corresponding to our U.S. patents and applications. Even if patents are granted, we may not be able to effectively enforce our rights. If our patents and mask works do not adequately protect our technology, or if our registrations expire prior to end of life of our products, our competitors may be able to offer products similar to ours. Our competitors may also be able to develop similar technology independently or design around our patents.
We generally enter into confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants and strategic partners. We also try to control access to and distribution of our technologies, documentation and other proprietary information. Despite these efforts, internal or external parties may attempt to copy, disclose, obtain or use our products or technology without our authorization. Also, former employees may seek employment with our business partners, customers or competitors, and there can be no assurance that the confidential nature of our proprietary information will be maintained in the course of such future employment.
A significant disruption in, or breach in security of, our information technology systems or certain of our products could materially and adversely affect our business or reputation.
We rely on information technology systems throughout our company to keep financial records and customer data, process orders, manage inventory, coordinate shipments to customers, maintain confidential and proprietary information, assist in semiconductor engineering and other technical activities and operate other critical functions such as Internet connectivity, network communications and email. Our information technology systems may be susceptible to damage, disruptions or shutdowns due to power outages, hardware failures, telecommunication failures, employee malfeasance, user errors, catastrophes or other unforeseen events. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many of our employees and directors are temporarily working remotely, which may pose additional data security risks. We also rely upon external cloud providers for certain infrastructure activities. If we were to experience a prolonged disruption in the information technology systems that involve our internal communications or our interactions with customers or suppliers, it could result in the loss of sales and customers and significant incremental costs, which could adversely affect our business. We may also be subject to security breaches of our information technology systems and certain of our products caused by viruses, illegal break-ins or hacking, sabotage, or acts of vandalism by third parties or our employees or contractors. Our security measures or those of our third-party service providers may not detect or prevent security breaches, defects, bugs or errors. In addition, we provide our confidential and proprietary information to our strategic partners in certain cases where doing so is necessary to conduct our business. Those third parties may be subject to security breaches or otherwise compromise the protection of such information. Security breaches of our information technology systems or those of our partners could result in the misappropriation or unauthorized disclosure of confidential and proprietary information belonging to us or to our employees, partners, customers, suppliers, or other third parties which could result in our suffering significant financial or reputational damage.
We are occasionally involved in litigation, including claims regarding intellectual property rights, which could be costly to litigate and could require us to redesign products or pay significant royalties.
The semiconductor industry is characterized by frequent claims and litigation involving patent and other intellectual property rights. Other companies or individuals have obtained patents covering a variety of semiconductor designs and processes, and we might be required to obtain licenses under some of these patents or be precluded from making and selling infringing products, if those patents are found to be valid and infringed by us. In the event a third party makes a valid intellectual property claim against us and a license is not available to us on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, we could be forced either to redesign or to stop production of products incorporating that intellectual property, and our operating results could be materially and adversely affected. Litigation may be necessary to enforce our patents or other of our intellectual property rights or to defend us against claims of infringement, and this litigation could be costly and divert the attention of our key personnel. We could also be subject to litigation or arbitration disputes arising under our contractual obligations, as well as customer indemnity, warranty or product liability claims that could lead to significant costs and expenses as we defend those claims or pay damage awards. There can be no assurance that we are adequately insured to protect against all claims and potential liabilities, and we may elect to self-insure with respect to certain matters. An adverse outcome in litigation or arbitration could have a material adverse effect on our financial position or on our operating results or cash flows in the period in which the dispute is resolved.
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We are subject to environmental, health and safety (EHS) regulations, which could increase our expenses and affect our operating results.
Our industry is subject to EHS requirements, particularly those that control and restrict the sourcing, use, transportation, emission, discharge, storage and disposal of certain substances, and materials used or produced in the semiconductor manufacturing process. Public attention to environmental sustainability and social responsibility concerns continues to increase, and our customers routinely include stringent environmental and other standards in their contracts with us. Changes in EHS laws or regulations may require us to invest in costly equipment or make manufacturing process changes and may adversely affect the sourcing, supply and pricing of materials used in our products. In particular, climate change concerns and the potential resulting environmental impact may result in new environmental, health, and safety laws and regulations that may affect us, our suppliers, and our customers. Such laws or regulations could cause us to incur additional direct costs for compliance, as well as increased indirect costs resulting from our customers, suppliers, or both incurring additional compliance costs that are passed on to us. These costs may adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition. In addition, we use hazardous and other regulated materials that subject us to risks of strict liability for damages caused by potential or actual releases of such materials. Any failure to control such materials adequately or to comply with existing or future EHS statutory or regulatory standards, requirements or contractual obligations could result in any of the following, each of which could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results:
•liability for damages and remediation;
•the imposition of regulatory penalties and civil and criminal fines;
•the suspension or termination of the development, manufacture, sale or use of certain of our products;
•changes to our manufacturing processes or a need to substitute materials that may cost more or be less available;
•damage to our reputation; and/or
•increased expenses associated with compliance.
If we fail to comply with government contracting regulations, we could suffer a loss of revenue or incur price adjustments or other penalties.
Some of our revenue is derived from contracts with agencies of the United States government and subcontracts with its prime contractors. As a United States government contractor or subcontractor, we are subject to federal contracting regulations, including the Federal Acquisition Regulations, which govern the allowability of costs incurred by us in the performance of United States government contracts. Certain contract pricing is based on estimated direct and indirect costs, which are subject to change. Additionally, the United States government is entitled after final payment on certain negotiated contracts to examine all of our cost records with respect to such contracts and to seek a downward adjustment to the price of the contract if it determines that we failed to furnish complete, accurate and current cost or pricing data in connection with the negotiation of the price of the contract.
In connection with our United States government business, we are also subject to government audits and to review and approval of our policies, procedures, and internal controls for compliance with procurement regulations and applicable laws, such as the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification. In certain circumstances, if we do not comply with the terms of a government contract or with regulations or statutes, we could be subject to downward contract price adjustments or refund obligations or could in extreme circumstances be assessed civil and criminal penalties or be debarred or suspended from obtaining future contracts for a specified period of time. Any such suspension or debarment or other sanction could have an adverse effect on our business.
Under some of our government subcontracts, we are required to maintain secure facilities and to obtain security clearances for personnel involved in performance of the contract, in compliance with applicable federal standards. If we were unable to comply with these requirements, or if personnel critical to our performance of these contracts were unable to obtain or maintain their security clearances, we might be unable to perform these contracts or compete for other projects of this nature, which could adversely affect our revenue.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Manufacturing and other operations are conducted in several locations worldwide. The following tables provide certain information about our significant general offices and manufacturing facilities:
| Properties | Approximate | |||||||||||||
| Owned: | Use | Total Sq. Ft. | ||||||||||||
| Cavite, Philippines | Wafer probe and testing, warehouse, engineering and administrative offices | 1,321,000 sq. ft. | ||||||||||||
| Wilmington, MA | Corporate headquarters, wafer fabrication, testing, engineering, sales, marketing and administrative offices | 818,000 sq. ft. | ||||||||||||
| Limerick, Ireland | Wafer fabrication, wafer probe and testing, warehouse and distribution, engineering and administrative offices | 632,000 sq. ft. | ||||||||||||
| San Jose, CA | Engineering, sales, marketing and administrative offices | 435,000 sq. ft. | ||||||||||||
| Milpitas, CA (1) | Wafer probe and testing; warehouse and distribution; engineering, sales, marketing and administrative offices | 427,000 sq. ft. | ||||||||||||
Penang, Malaysia (2) | Wafer probe and testing, assembly and engineering offices | 350,000 sq. ft. | ||||||||||||
| Beaverton, OR | Wafer fabrication, engineering and administrative offices | 312,000 sq. ft. | ||||||||||||
| Chonburi Province, Thailand | Wafer probe and testing, warehouse, engineering and administrative offices | 194,000 sq. ft. | ||||||||||||
| Chelmsford, MA | Final assembly of certain module and subsystem-level products, testing, engineering and administrative offices | 174,000 sq. ft. | ||||||||||||
| Camas, WA | Wafer fabrication | 105,000 sq. ft. | ||||||||||||
(1)For further information concerning our held for sale assets at the Hillview wafer fabrication facility in Milpitas, CA, see Note 2e, Property, Plant and Equipment, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(2)Leases on the land used for this facility expire in 2054 through 2057.
| Lease | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Properties | Approximate | Termination | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Leased: | Use | Total Sq. Ft. | (fiscal year) | Renewals | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Santa Clara, CA | Engineering, sales, marketing and administrative offices | 445,000 sq. ft. | 2030 | 2, five-yr. periods | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bangalore, India | Engineering and administrative offices | 175,000 sq. ft. | 2027 | 1, five-yr. period | ||||||||||||||||||||||
In addition to the properties listed in the above tables, we also own or lease a number of other facilities in various locations in the United States and internationally that are used for manufacturing, engineering, sales and marketing and administration activities. Leases for these leased facilities expire at various dates through the year 2030. We do not anticipate experiencing significant difficulty in retaining occupancy of any of our facilities through lease renewals prior to expiration or through month-to-month occupancy, or in replacing them with equivalent facilities. For information concerning our obligations under all operating leases, see Note 9, Leases, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time in the ordinary course of our business, various claims, charges and litigation are asserted or commenced against us arising from, or related to, among other things, contractual matters, patents, trademarks, personal injury, environmental matters, product liability, insurance coverage, employment or employee benefits. As to such claims and litigation, we can give no assurance that we will prevail. We do not believe that any current legal matters will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not Applicable.
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INFORMATION ABOUT OUR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
The following table sets forth (i) the name, age and position of each of our executive officers as of December 3, 2021 and (ii) the business experience of each person named in the table during at least the past five years. There is no family relationship among any of our executive officers.
| Executive Officer | Age | Position(s) | Business Experience | |||||||||||||||||
| Vincent Roche | 61 | President and Chief Executive Officer | President and Chief Executive Officer since May 2013; President since November 2012; Vice President, Strategic Segments Group and Global Sales from October 2009 to November 2012; Vice President, Worldwide Sales from March 2001 to October 2009; Vice President and General Manager, Silicon Valley Business Units and Computer & Networking from 1999 to March 2001; Product Line Director from 1995 to 1999; and Product Marketing Manager from 1988 to 1995. | |||||||||||||||||
| Prashanth Mahendra-Rajah | 51 | Senior Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer | Senior Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer since September 2017; Chief Financial Officer of WABCO Holdings Inc., a supplier of commercial vehicle technologies, from June 2014 to September 2017; Corporate Vice President and Segment CFO of the Silicon Systems Group of Applied Materials Inc., a provider of manufacturing equipment, services and software to the global semiconductor industry, from April 2012 to June 2014. | |||||||||||||||||
| Martin Cotter | 56 | Senior Vice President, Industrial & Multi-Markets | Senior Vice President, Industrial & Multi-Markets since September 2021; Senior Vice President, Industrial, Consumer & Multi-Markets from January 2021 to September 2021; Senior Vice President, Worldwide Sales and Digital Marketing from September 2016 to January 2021; Vice President Internet of Things (IoT), Healthcare, and Consumer Business Units, from November 2015 to September 2016; Vice President, Healthcare and Consumer Business Groups from November 2014 to November 2015; and VP, Communications Infrastructure Business Unit from October 2012 to November 2014. | |||||||||||||||||
| Gregory Henderson | 53 | Senior Vice President, Automotive, Communications and Aerospace | Senior Vice President, Automotive, Communications and Aerospace since June 2017; Vice President, RF and Microwave Business Unit from July 2014 to June 2017; Vice President of the RF and Microwave Business Unit of Hittite Microwave Corporation, a maker of chips and related components, from October 2013 to July 2014; and Director Product Management of Harris Corporation, a defense contractor and technology provider of communications, electronic, and space and intelligence systems, from 2011 to October 2013. | |||||||||||||||||
| Anelise Sacks | 43 | Senior Vice President and Chief Customer Officer | Senior Vice President and Chief Customer Officer since March 2021; Vice President and General Manager, DLP Products from December 2017 to December 2020 and General Manager, Power Interface from December 2016 to December 2017 at Texas Instruments, Inc., a global semiconductor company. | |||||||||||||||||
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PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol ADI. The number of holders of record of our common stock at November 26, 2021 was 2,492. This number does not include shareholders for whom shares are held in a “nominee” or “street” name. On October 29, 2021, the last reported sales price of our common stock on The Nasdaq Global Select Market was $173.49 per share.
On November 22, 2021, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.69 per outstanding share of common stock. The dividend will be paid on December 14, 2021 to all shareholders of record at the close of business on December 3, 2021 and is expected to total approximately $362.5 million. We currently expect quarterly dividends to continue in future periods, although they remain subject to determination and declaration by our Board of Directors. The payment of future dividends, if any, will be based on several factors, including our financial performance, outlook and liquidity.
Information regarding our equity compensation plans and the securities authorized for issuance thereunder is set forth in Item 12 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The table below summarizes the activity related to stock repurchases for the three months ended October 30, 2021. We have an ongoing authorization, originally approved by our Board of Directors in 2004, and subsequently amended, to repurchase shares of our common stock in open market or negotiated transactions. In March 2020, we temporarily suspended our share repurchase program as a result of the global macroeconomic environment. That suspension continued through the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020 given the planned acquisition of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. We reinstated the common stock repurchase program effective November 2020. In September 2021, we entered into Accelerated Share Repurchase agreements to repurchase $2.5 billion of our common stock. These agreements were partially settled in September 2021 and we expect the remaining 20% of shares, or $500.0 million, to settle in the first half of the fiscal year ending October 29, 2022 (fiscal 2022). As of October 30, 2021, the Company had repurchased a total of approximately 171.6 million shares of its common stock for approximately $8.8 billion under our share repurchase program, excluding the $500.0 million noted above. An additional $7.4 billion remains available for repurchase of shares under the current authorized program. Future repurchases of common stock will be dependent upon our financial position, results of operations, outlook, liquidity, and other factors we deem relevant.
| Period | Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) | Average Price Paid Per Share (2) | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (3) | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (4) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| August 1, 2021 through August 28, 2021 | 285,504 | $ | 168.68 | 282,172 | $ | 1,395,596,501 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| August 29, 2021 through September 25, 2021 | 12,484,097 | $ | 163.35 | 12,307,715 | $ | 7,386,077,264 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| September 26, 2021 through October 30, 2021 | 48,223 | $ | 176.12 | — | $ | 7,386,077,264 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 12,817,824 | $ | 163.52 | 12,589,887 | $ | 7,386,077,264 | ||||||||||||||||||||
_______________________________________
(1)Includes 227,937 shares withheld by us from employees to satisfy employee tax obligations upon vesting of restricted stock units/awards granted to our employees under our equity compensation plans.
(2)The average price paid for shares in connection with vesting of restricted stock units/awards are averages of the closing stock price at the vesting date which is used to calculate the number of shares to be withheld.
(3)Shares repurchased pursuant to the stock repurchase program publicly announced on August 12, 2004. On August 25, 2021, the Board of Directors approved an increase to the current authorization for the stock repurchase program by an additional $8.5 billion to $16.7 billion in the aggregate. Under the repurchase program, we may repurchase outstanding shares of our common stock from time to time in the open market and through privately negotiated transactions. Unless terminated earlier by resolution of our Board of Directors, the repurchase program will expire when we have repurchased all shares authorized for repurchase under the repurchase program.
(4)Includes a $500.0 million advance payment for the remaining 20% of shares to be delivered in the first half of 2022 under our Accelerated Share Repurchase agreement discussed above.
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Comparative Stock Performance Graph
The following graph compares cumulative total shareholder return on our common stock since October 29, 2016 with the cumulative total return of the Standard & Poor’s (S&P) 500 Index and the S&P Semiconductors Index. This graph assumes the investment of $100 on October 29, 2016 in our common stock, the S&P 500 Index and the S&P Semiconductors Index and assumes all dividends are reinvested. Measurement points are the last trading day for each respective fiscal year.
ITEM 6. RESERVED
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (all tabular amounts in thousands except per share amounts)
The following discussion includes a comparison of our Results of Operations and Liquidity and Capital Resources for the fiscal years ended October 30, 2021 (fiscal 2021), the fiscal year ended October 31, 2020 (fiscal 2020) and the fiscal year ended November 2, 2019 (fiscal 2019). Our fiscal year is the 52-week or 53-week period ending on the Saturday closest to the last day in October. Fiscal 2021, fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019 were 52-week fiscal periods.
Impact of COVID-19 on our Business
The pandemic caused by the novel strain of the coronavirus (COVID-19) and the numerous measures implemented by government authorities in response, have impacted and likely will continue to impact our workforce and operations, the operations of our customers and those of our respective vendors and suppliers. We have significant operations worldwide, including in the United States, the Philippines, Ireland, Malaysia, Thailand, China and India. Each of these countries has been affected by the pandemic and taken measures to try to contain it, resulting in disruptions at some of our manufacturing operations and facilities.
The spread of COVID-19 has caused us to modify our business practices (including restricting employee travel, modifying employee work locations and cancelling physical participation in meetings, events and conferences) and we may take further actions as may be required by government authorities or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers, partners, suppliers and shareholders.
While we are confident that our strategy and long-term contingency planning have positioned us well to weather the current uncertainty, we cannot at this time fully quantify or forecast the impact of COVID-19 on our business. The full extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, financial condition and results of operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain such as the continued duration and severity of the pandemic, the spread of more contagious variants of the virus, the adoption rate of vaccines, the actions to contain the virus or treat its impact, or how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume.
Acquisition of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
On August 26, 2021 (Acquisition Date), we completed the acquisition of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. (Maxim), an independent manufacturer of innovative analog and mixed-signal products and technologies. Pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of July 12, 2020 (the Merger Agreement), Maxim stockholders received, for each outstanding share of Maxim common stock, 0.6300 of a share of the Company’s common stock as of the Acquisition Date, for total consideration of approximately $28.0 billion of our common stock. The acquisition of Maxim is referred to as the Acquisition. The consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K include the financial results of Maxim prospectively from the Acquisition Date. See Note 6, Acquisitions, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.
Results of Operations
A discussion of changes in our results of operations from fiscal 2019 to fiscal 2020 has been omitted from this Form 10-K, but may be found in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Form 10-K for fiscal 2020 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 24, 2020.
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Overview
| Fiscal Year | 2021 over 2020 | 2020 over 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | $ Change | % Change | $ Change | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 7,318,286 | $ | 5,603,056 | $ | 5,991,065 | $ | 1,715,230 | 31 | % | $ | (388,009) | (6) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross margin % | 61.8 | % | 65.9 | % | 67.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 1,390,422 | $ | 1,220,761 | $ | 1,363,011 | $ | 169,661 | 14 | % | $ | (142,250) | (10) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income as a % of revenue | 19.0 | % | 21.8 | % | 22.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted EPS | $ | 3.46 | $ | 3.28 | $ | 3.65 | $ | 0.18 | 5 | % | $ | (0.37) | (10) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue Trends by End Market
The following table summarizes revenue by end market. The categorization of revenue by end market is determined using a variety of data points including the technical characteristics of the product, the “sold to” customer information, the "ship to" customer information and the end customer product or application into which our product will be incorporated. As data systems for capturing and tracking this data and our methodology evolves and improves, the categorization of products by end market can vary over time. When this occurs, we reclassify revenue by end market for prior periods. Such reclassifications typically do not materially change the sizing of, or the underlying trends of results within each end market.
| Fiscal 2021 | Fiscal 2020 | Fiscal 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | % of Total Product Revenue (1) | Y/Y% | Revenue | % of Total Product Revenue (1) | Y/Y% | Revenue | % of Total Product Revenue (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Industrial | $ | 4,011,485 | 55 | % | 34 | % | $ | 2,998,259 | 54 | % | (1) | % | $ | 3,014,890 | 50 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Automotive | 1,248,635 | 17 | % | 60 | % | 778,297 | 14 | % | (16) | % | 929,671 | 16 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Communications | 1,198,461 | 16 | % | 1 | % | 1,191,169 | 21 | % | (8) | % | 1,294,233 | 22 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consumer | 859,705 | 12 | % | 35 | % | 635,331 | 11 | % | (16) | % | 752,271 | 13 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Revenue | $ | 7,318,286 | 100 | % | 31 | % | $ | 5,603,056 | 100 | % | (6) | % | $ | 5,991,065 | 100 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
_______________________________________
(1)The sum of the individual percentages may not equal the total due to rounding.
Revenue increased across all end markets in fiscal 2021 as compared to fiscal 2020 primarily as a result of higher broad-based demand for our products sold into the Automotive, Consumer and Industrial end markets. Revenue in the Communications end market was also slightly higher in fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020 as the timing of infrastructure deployment cycles in certain regions offset higher demand. Incremental revenue as a result of the Acquisition also contributed to higher revenue in each end market in fiscal 2021, as compared to fiscal 2020.
Revenue by Sales Channel
The following table summarizes revenue by sales channel. We sell our products globally through a direct sales force, third party distributors, independent sales representatives and via our website. Distributors are customers that buy products with the intention of reselling them. Direct customers are non-distributor customers and consist primarily of original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). Other customers include the U.S. government, government prime contractors and certain commercial customers for which revenue is recorded over time.
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| Fiscal 2021 | Fiscal 2020 | Fiscal 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | % of Total Product Revenue (1) | Revenue | % of Total Product Revenue (1) | Revenue | % of Total Product Revenue (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributors | $ | 4,589,944 | 63 | % | $ | 3,216,302 | 57 | % | $ | 3,409,161 | 57 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Direct customers | 2,600,353 | 36 | % | 2,300,493 | 41 | % | 2,506,065 | 42 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 127,989 | 2 | % | 86,261 | 2 | % | 75,839 | 1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Revenue | $ | 7,318,286 | 100 | % | $ | 5,603,056 | 100 | % | $ | 5,991,065 | 100 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
_______________________________________
(1)The sum of the individual percentages may not equal the total due to rounding.
The percentage of total revenue sold via each channel can fluctuate from time to time based on end customer demand. In fiscal 2021, higher demand within our Automotive and Industrial end markets resulted in increased revenue through our distributor channel.
Revenue Trends by Geographic Region
Revenue by geographic region, based upon the geographic location of the distributors or OEMs who purchased the Company's products, for fiscal 2021, fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019 was as follows:
| Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fiscal Year | 2021 over 2020 | 2020 over 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | $ Change | % Change (1) | $ Change | % Change (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| United States | $ | 2,389,439 | $ | 1,887,443 | $ | 2,020,886 | $ | 501,996 | 27 | % | $ | (133,443) | (7) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rest of North and South America | 42,830 | 41,250 | 55,059 | 1,580 | 4 | % | (13,809) | (25) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Europe | 1,592,989 | 1,245,695 | 1,374,673 | 347,294 | 28 | % | (128,978) | (9) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Japan | 787,966 | 521,720 | 657,632 | 266,246 | 51 | % | (135,912) | (21) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| China | 1,614,396 | 1,348,011 | 1,316,275 | 266,385 | 20 | % | 31,736 | 2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rest of Asia | 890,666 | 558,937 | 566,540 | 331,729 | 59 | % | (7,603) | (1) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Revenue | $ | 7,318,286 | $ | 5,603,056 | $ | 5,991,065 | $ | 1,715,230 | 31 | % | $ | (388,009) | (6) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
_______________________________________
(1)The sum of the individual percentages may not equal the total due to rounding.
In all periods presented, the predominant countries comprising “Rest of North and South America” are Canada and Mexico; the predominant countries comprising “Europe” are Germany, Sweden, and the Netherlands; and the predominant countries comprising “Rest of Asia” are Taiwan, Malaysia, South Korea and Singapore.
Total revenue increased in fiscal 2021 as compared to fiscal 2020 due to broad-based, global demand in the semiconductor industry as well as the incremental impact of revenue from the Acquisition. We saw increases across all end markets in territories, with the exception of sales into the Communication end market in China, which was impacted by infrastructure deployment cycles as noted above.
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Gross Margin
| Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fiscal Year | 2021 over 2020 | 2020 over 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | $ Change | % Change | $ Change | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross margin | $ | 4,525,012 | $ | 3,690,478 | $ | 4,013,750 | $ | 834,534 | 23 | % | $ | (323,272) | (8) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross margin % | 61.8 | % | 65.9 | % | 67.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross margin percentage in fiscal 2021 decreased by 410 basis points compared to fiscal 2020, primarily as a result of recording additional costs related to the Acquisition, including $331.1 million and $155.4 million of cost of goods sold related to the fair value adjustments recorded to inventory and amortization expense of intangible assets, respectively. These increases in cost of sales as a result of the Acquisition were partially offset by the favorable impact of higher utilization of our factories due to increased customer demand.
Research and Development (R&D)
| Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fiscal Year | 2021 over 2020 | 2020 over 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | $ Change | % Change | $ Change | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| R&D expenses | $ | 1,296,126 | $ | 1,050,519 | $ | 1,130,348 | $ | 245,607 | 23 | % | $ | (79,829) | (7) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| R&D expenses as a % of revenue | 18 | % | 19 | % | 19 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
R&D expenses increased in fiscal 2021 as compared to fiscal 2020 primarily as a result of higher R&D employee-related variable compensation expense, incremental R&D expenses incurred as a result of the Acquisition and higher salary and benefit expenses.
R&D expenses as a percentage of revenue will fluctuate from year-to-year depending on the amount of revenue and the success of new product development efforts, which we view as critical to our future growth. We expect to continue the development of innovative technologies and processes for new products. We believe that a continued commitment to R&D is essential to maintain product leadership with our existing products as well as to provide innovative new product offerings. Therefore, we expect to continue to make significant R&D investments in the future.
Selling, Marketing, General and Administrative (SMG&A)
| Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fiscal Year | 2021 over 2020 | 2020 over 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | $ Change | % Change | $ Change | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SMG&A expenses | $ | 915,418 | $ | 659,923 | $ | 648,094 | $ | 255,495 | 39 | % | $ | 11,829 | 2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SMG&A expenses as a % of revenue | 13 | % | 12 | % | 11 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SMG&A expenses increased in fiscal 2021 as compared to fiscal 2020, primarily as a result of higher costs due to acquisition-related transaction costs, incremental SMG&A expenses incurred as a result of the Acquisition and higher variable compensation expense and salary and benefit expenses.
Amortization of Intangibles
| Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fiscal Year | 2021 over 2020 | 2020 over 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | $ Change | % Change | $ Change | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization expenses | $ | 536,811 | $ | 429,455 | $ | 429,041 | $ | 107,356 | 25 | % | $ | 414 | — | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization expenses as a % of revenue | 7 | % | 8 | % | 7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization expenses increased in fiscal 2021 as compared to fiscal 2020, primarily as a result of $105.8 million of amortization expense of intangible assets recorded as part of the Acquisition.
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Special Charges, Net
We monitor global macroeconomic conditions on an ongoing basis and continue to assess opportunities for improved operational effectiveness and efficiency, as well as a better alignment of expenses with revenues. As a result of these assessments, we have undertaken various restructuring actions over the past several years.
Closure of Manufacturing Facilities: We recorded special charges as a result of our decision to consolidate certain wafer and test facility operations acquired as part of the acquisition of Linear. The special charges include severance and fringe benefit costs, in accordance with the Company's ongoing benefit plan or statutory requirements at foreign locations and one-time termination benefits for the impacted employees and other exit costs. These one-time termination benefits are being recognized over the future service period required for employees to earn these benefits. In addition, as a result of management's plan to close certain wafer and test facility operations acquired as part of the acquisition of Linear Technology Corporation (Linear), the Company sold its facility in Singapore and ceased production at its Hillview manufacturing facility in Milpitas, California during fiscal 2021.
Repositioning Actions: In fiscal 2020, we recorded special charges of $49.4 million as a result of organizational initiatives to better align its global workforce with its long-term strategic plan. The special charges include severance and fringe benefit costs, in accordance with the Company's ongoing benefit plan or statutory requirements at foreign locations and the write-off of acquired intellectual property due to the Company's decision to discontinue certain product development strategies.
Other: The other special charges of $83.4 million recognized during fiscal 2021 include severance and benefit costs as well as charges recorded from acceleration of equity awards in connection with the termination of a limited number of employees as part of the integration of the Acquisition.
Operating Income
| Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fiscal Year | 2021 over 2020 | 2020 over 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | $ Change | % Change | $ Change | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating income | $ | 1,692,201 | $ | 1,498,244 | $ | 1,710,608 | $ | 193,957 | 13 | % | $ | (212,364) | (12) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating income as a % of revenue | 23.1 | % | 26.7 | % | 28.6 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The increase in operating income in fiscal 2021 as compared to fiscal 2020 was primarily the result of a $834.5 million increase in gross margin, partially offset by a $255.5 million increase in SMG&A expenses, a $245.6 million increase in R&D expenses, a $107.4 million increase in amortization expenses and a $32.1 million increase in special charges, net as more fully described above under the headings Gross Margin, Selling, Marketing, General and Administrative (SMG&A), Research and Development (R&D), Amortization of Intangibles and Special Charges, Net.
Nonoperating (Income) Expense
| Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fiscal Year | 2021 over 2020 | 2020 over 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | $ Change | $ Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Nonoperating expense | $ | 363,487 | $ | 186,627 | $ | 224,880 | $ | 176,860 | $ | (38,253) | |||||||||||||||||||
The year-over-year increase in nonoperating expense in fiscal 2021 as compared to fiscal 2020 was primarily the result of a loss on the extinguishment of debt related to debt transactions in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021, partially offset by gains recorded on other investments and a decrease in interest expense related to our debt obligations in the period.
(Benefit From) Provision for Income Taxes
| Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fiscal Year | 2021 over 2020 | 2020 over 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | $ Change | % Change | $ Change | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Benefit from) provision for income taxes | $ | (61,708) | $ | 90,856 | $ | 122,717 | $ | (152,564) | (168) | % | $ | (31,861) | (26) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effective income tax rate | (4.6) | % | 6.9 | % | 8.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Our effective tax rates for fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2020 were below the U.S. statutory rate of 21% due to lower statutory tax rates applicable to our operations in the foreign jurisdictions in which we earn income. Our provision for income taxes was
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impacted by incremental profit related to the Acquisition. Additionally, in fiscal 2021, we recorded a net deferred tax benefit of $188.8 million from deferred tax assets related to an intra-entity transfer of intangible assets. For fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2020, our pretax income was primarily generated in Ireland at a tax rate of 12.5%.
Our tax rate for fiscal 2020 was also impacted by discrete items, primarily related to $25.9 million of income tax benefits resulting from the resolution of the Internal Revenue Service audit of Linear’s pre-acquisition federal income tax returns for fiscal 2015 through fiscal 2017, as well as other income tax benefits recorded upon the filing of our fiscal 2019 federal income tax return and excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation payments of $16.2 million.
See Note 12, Income Taxes, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion.
Net Income
| Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fiscal Year | 2021 over 2020 | 2020 over 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | $ Change | % Change | $ Change | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 1,390,422 | $ | 1,220,761 | $ | 1,363,011 | $ | 169,661 | 14 | % | $ | (142,250) | (10) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income, as a % of revenue | 19.0 | % | 21.8 | % | 22.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted EPS | $ | 3.46 | $ | 3.28 | $ | 3.65 | $ | 0.18 | 5 | % | $ | (0.37) | (10) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The increase in net income in fiscal 2021 as compared to fiscal 2020 was a result of a $194.0 million increase in operating income and a $152.6 million decrease in provision for income taxes resulting in a net income tax benefit, partially offset by a $176.9 million increase in nonoperating expense, as more fully described above under the headings Operating Income, (Benefit From) Provision for Income Taxes and Nonoperating (Income) Expense.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
At October 30, 2021, our principal source of liquidity was $1,978.0 million of cash and cash equivalents, of which approximately $876.6 million was held in the United States and the balance of our cash and cash equivalents was held outside the United States in various foreign subsidiaries. We manage our worldwide cash requirements by, among other things, reviewing available funds held by our foreign subsidiaries and the cost effectiveness by which those funds can be accessed in the United States. We do not expect current regulatory restrictions or taxes on repatriation to have a material adverse effect on our overall liquidity, financial condition or results of operations. Our cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less, including money market funds. We maintain these balances with high credit quality counterparties, continually monitor the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer and diversify our investments in order to minimize our credit risk.
We believe that our existing sources of liquidity and cash expected to be generated from future operations, together with existing and anticipated available short- and long-term financing, will be sufficient to fund operations, capital expenditures, research and development efforts and dividend payments (if any) in the immediate future and for at least the next twelve months.
| Fiscal Year | |||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 2,735,069 | $ | 2,008,487 | $ | 2,253,100 | |||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities as a % of revenue | 37 | % | 36 | % | 38 | % | |||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities | $ | 2,143,525 | $ | (180,523) | $ | (293,186) | |||||||||||
| Net cash used for financing activities | $ | (3,959,664) | $ | (1,420,608) | $ | (2,126,794) | |||||||||||
A discussion of changes in our liquidity and capital resources from fiscal 2019 to fiscal 2020 has been omitted from this Form 10-K, but may be found in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Form 10-K for fiscal 2020 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 24, 2020. The following changes contributed to the net change in cash and cash equivalents from fiscal 2020 to fiscal 2021.
Operating Activities
Cash provided by operating activities is net income adjusted for certain non-cash items and changes in assets and liabilities. The increase in cash provided by operating activities during fiscal 2021 as compared to fiscal 2020 was primarily a result of higher net income and an increase from changes in working capital. Net income in fiscal 2021 also included larger non-cash expenses from the Acquisition that were not included in fiscal 2020.
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Investing Activities
Investing cash flows generally consist of capital expenditures, cash used for acquisitions and proceeds from or purchases of investments. The increase in cash provided by (used for) investing activities during fiscal 2021 as compared to fiscal 2020 was primarily the result of cash received from the Acquisition, partially offset by an increase in cash used for capital expenditures.
Financing Activities
Financing cash flows consist primarily of payments of dividends to stockholders, repurchases of common stock, issuance and repayment of debt, and proceeds from the sale of shares of common stock pursuant to employee equity incentive plans. The increase in cash used for financing activities during fiscal 2021 as compared to fiscal 2020 was primarily the result of an increase in common stock repurchases in connection with our accelerated share repurchase program and higher dividend payments, partially offset by a net increase in debt in fiscal 2021 as we terminated some debt and raised additional proceeds from debt compared to the net decrease in debt in 2020.
Working Capital
| Fiscal Year | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | $ Change | % Change | |||||||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | $ | 1,459,056 | $ | 737,536 | $ | 721,520 | 98 | % | ||||||||||||
Days sales outstanding (1) | 55 | 45 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Inventory | $ | 1,200,610 | $ | 608,260 | $ | 592,350 | 97 | % | ||||||||||||
Days cost of sales in inventory (1) | 118 | 116 | ||||||||||||||||||
_______________________________________
(1)We use the average of the current year and prior year ending net accounts receivable and ending inventory balance in our calculation of days sales outstanding and days cost of sales in inventory, respectively. Cost of sales amounts used in the calculation of days cost of sales in inventory for fiscal 2021 include Acquisition accounting adjustments related to the sale of acquired inventory written up to fair value, amortization of developed technology intangible assets acquired and depreciation related to the write-up of fixed assets to fair value. The calculations above include the financial results of Maxim prospectively from the Acquisition Date.
The increase in accounts receivable for fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020 was primarily the result of the Acquisition as well as normal variations in the timing of collections and billings.
Inventory in dollars increased in fiscal 2021 as compared to fiscal 2020, primarily as a result of the Acquisition as well as our efforts to balance manufacturing production, demand and inventory levels. Our inventory levels are impacted by our need to support forecasted sales demand and variations between those forecasts and actual demand. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021, the inventory values on the Consolidated Balance Sheet were also impacted by additional costs related to the Acquisition and the requirement to account for acquired inventory at fair-value.
Current liabilities increased to $2,770.3 million at October 30, 2021 from $1,365.0 million recorded at the end of fiscal 2020. The increase was primarily due to the Acquisition, including $516.7 million of Maxim debt obligations classified as current and $584.9 million of accrued liabilities.
Revolving Credit Facility
Our Third Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of June 23, 2021, with Bank of America N.A. as administrative agent and the other banks identified therein as lenders (Revolving Credit Agreement) amended and restated our Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of June 28, 2019 and provides for a five year unsecured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $2.5 billion (subject to certain terms and conditions). In March 2020, we borrowed $350.0 million under this revolving credit facility and utilized the proceeds for the repayment of existing indebtedness and working capital requirements. We repaid the $350.0 million plus interest in April 2020. In September 2021, we borrowed $400.0 million under this revolving credit facility and utilized the proceeds for the repayment of existing indebtedness and working capital requirements. We repaid the $400.0 million plus interest in October 2021.
We may borrow under this revolving credit facility in the future and use the proceeds for repayment of existing indebtedness, stock repurchases, acquisitions, capital expenditures, working capital and other lawful corporate purposes. The terms of the Revolving Credit Agreement impose restrictions on our ability to undertake certain transactions, to create certain liens on assets and to incur certain subsidiary indebtedness. In addition, the Revolving Credit Agreement contains a consolidated leverage ratio covenant of total consolidated funded debt to consolidated earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) of not greater than 3.5 to 1.0. As of October 30, 2021, we were in compliance with these covenants. See Note 13, Revolving Credit Facility, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information on our revolving credit facility.
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Debt
As of October 30, 2021, we had $6.8 billion of carrying value outstanding on our debt. On November 4, 2021, we redeemed Maxim's 3.375% Senior Notes due 2023 in the aggregate principal amount of $500.0 million. The difference in the carrying value of the debt and the principal is due to the unamortized discount and issuance fees and other adjustments on these instruments. The indentures governing certain of our debt instruments contain covenants that may limit our ability to: incur, create, assume or guarantee any debt or borrowed money secured by a lien upon a principal property; enter into sale and lease-back transactions with respect to a principal property; and consolidate with or merge into, or transfer or lease all or substantially all of our assets to, any other party. As of October 30, 2021, we were compliant with these covenants. See Note 14, Debt, and Note 15, Subsequent Events, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information on our outstanding debt.
Stock Repurchase Program
In September 2021, we entered into accelerated share repurchase agreements (ASR) with third party financial institutions to repurchase $2.5 billion of our common stock. We paid $2.5 billion and received an initial delivery of 12.3 million shares of common stock, which represented approximately 80% of the notional amount of the ASR. The final settlement of the transaction under the ASR is expected to occur in the first half of fiscal 2022.
Our common stock repurchase program has been in place since August 2004. Since inception, our Board of Directors has authorized us to repurchase $16.7 billion of our common stock under the program, which includes the $8.5 billion authorization approved by the Board of Directors on August 25, 2021. Under the program, we may repurchase outstanding shares of our common stock from time to time in the open market and through privately negotiated transactions. Unless terminated earlier by resolution of our Board of Directors, the repurchase program will expire when we have repurchased all shares authorized under the program.
As of October 30, 2021, $7.4 billion remained available for repurchase under the current authorized program. The repurchased shares are held as authorized but unissued shares of common stock. We also repurchase shares in settlement of employee tax withholding obligations due upon the vesting of restricted stock units/awards or the exercise of stock options. Future repurchases of common stock will be dependent upon our financial position, results of operations, outlook, liquidity, and other factors we deem relevant.
Capital Expenditures
Net additions to property, plant and equipment were $343.7 million in fiscal 2021 and were funded with a combination of cash on hand and cash generated from operations. We expect capital expenditures for fiscal 2022 to be between 6% and 8% of revenue, which is above our historical levels primarily due to our plans to expand internal manufacturing capacity. These capital expenditures will be funded with a combination of cash on hand and cash expected to be generated from future operations, together with existing and anticipated available short- and long-term financing.
Analog Devices Foundation
During the first quarter of fiscal 2020, we contributed 335,654 shares of our common stock to the Analog Devices Foundation. As of the date of the contribution, the shares had a fair value of approximately $40.0 million. This expense was recorded in SMG&A in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
Dividends
On November 22, 2021, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.69 per outstanding share of common stock. The dividend will be paid on December 14, 2021 to all shareholders of record at the close of business on December 3, 2021 and is expected to total approximately $362.5 million. We currently expect quarterly dividends to continue in future periods, although they remain subject to determination and declaration by our Board of Directors. The payment of future dividends, if any, will be based on several factors, including our financial performance, outlook and liquidity.
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Contractual Obligations
The table below summarizes our material contractual obligations in specified periods as of October 30, 2021:
| Payment due by period | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than | More than | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (thousands) | Total | 1 Year | 1-3 Years | 3-5 Years | 5 Years | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contractual obligations: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Debt obligations (1) | $ | 6,776,865 | $ | 500,000 | $ | 500,000 | $ | 400,000 | $ | 5,376,865 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest payments associated with debt obligations | 2,460,541 | 171,718 | 340,784 | 320,139 | 1,627,900 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transition tax (2) | 793,176 | 137,106 | 320,315 | 335,755 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating leases (3) | 393,002 | 61,855 | 103,418 | 84,059 | 143,670 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Inventory-related purchase commitments (4) | 291,200 | 52,800 | 91,733 | 63,333 | 83,334 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 10,714,784 | $ | 923,479 | $ | 1,356,250 | $ | 1,203,286 | $ | 7,231,769 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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(1)Debt obligations are assumed to be held to maturity.
(2)Tax obligation relates to the one-time tax on deemed repatriated earnings under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 enacted in fiscal 2018. See Note 12, Income Taxes, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion. This amount includes transition tax payable attributable to the Acquisition of $266.1 million.
(3)Certain of our operating lease obligations include escalation clauses. These escalating payment requirements are reflected in the table.
(4)In connection with the Acquisition, we acquired a supplier commitment for the purchase of materials and supplies in advance or with minimum purchase quantities.
As of October 30, 2021, our total liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions was $170.5 million, which are included in non-current income taxes payable in our Consolidated Balance Sheets contained in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Due to the complexity associated with our tax uncertainties, we cannot make a reasonably reliable estimate of the period in which we expect to settle the non-current liabilities associated with these uncertain tax positions. Therefore, we have not included these uncertain tax positions in the above contractual obligations table.
The expected timing of payments and the amounts of the obligations discussed above are estimated based on current information available as of October 30, 2021.
New Accounting Pronouncements
From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and are adopted by us as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, management believes that the impact of recently issued standards will not have a material impact on our future financial condition and results of operations. See Note 2s, New Accounting Pronouncements, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a description of recently issued and adopted accounting pronouncements, including the dates of adoption and impact on our historical financial condition and results of operations.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Management’s discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations is based upon the Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience, knowledge of current conditions and beliefs of what could occur in the future based on available information. We consider the following accounting policies to be both those most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and those that require the most subjective judgment. If actual results differ significantly from management’s estimates and projections, there could be a material effect on our financial statements. We also have other policies that we consider key accounting policies; however, the application of these policies does not require us to make significant estimates or judgments that are difficult or subjective.
Revenue Recognition
Recognition of revenue occurs when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the providing entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. We recognize revenue upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that we expect to receive in exchange for those products or services. We recognize revenue when all of the following criteria are met: (1) we have entered into a binding agreement, (2) the performance obligations have been identified, (3) the transaction price to the customer has been determined, (4) the transaction price has been allocated to the performance obligations in the
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contract, and (5) the performance obligations have been satisfied. The majority of our shipping terms permit us to recognize revenue at point of shipment or delivery. Certain shipping terms require the goods to be through customs or be received by the customer before title passes. In those instances, we defer the revenue recognized until title has passed. Shipping costs are charged to selling, marketing, general and administrative expense as incurred. Sales taxes are excluded from revenue.
Revenue from contracts with the United States government, government prime contractors and certain commercial customers is recorded over time using either units delivered or costs incurred as the measurement basis for progress toward completion. These measures are used to measure results directly and is generally the best measure of progress toward completion in circumstances in which a reliable measure of output can be established. Estimated revenue in excess of amounts billed is reported as unbilled receivables. Contract accounting requires judgment in estimating costs and assumptions related to technical issues and delivery schedule. Contract costs include material, subcontract costs, labor and an allocation of indirect costs. The estimation of costs at completion of a contract is subject to numerous variables involving contract costs and estimates as to the length of time to complete the contract. Changes in contract performance, estimated gross margin, including the impact of final contract settlements, and estimated losses are recognized in the period in which the changes or losses are determined.
Performance Obligations: Substantially all of our contracts with customers contain a single performance obligation, the sale of mixed-signal integrated circuit (IC) products. Such sales represent a single performance obligation because the sale is one type of good or includes multiple goods that are neither capable of being distinct nor separable from the other promises in the contract. This performance obligation is satisfied when control of the product is transferred to the customer, which occurs upon shipment or delivery. Unsatisfied performance obligations primarily represent contracts for products with future delivery dates and with an original expected duration of one year or less. We generally warrant that our products will meet their published specifications, and that we will repair or replace defective products, for one year from the date title passes from us to the customer. Specific accruals are recorded for known product warranty issues.
Transaction Price: The transaction price reflects our expectations about the consideration we will be entitled to receive from the customer and may include fixed or variable amounts. Fixed consideration primarily includes sales to direct customers and sales to distributors in which both the sale to the distributor and the sale to the end customer occur within the same reporting period. Variable consideration includes sales in which the amount of consideration that we will receive is unknown as of the end of a reporting period. Such consideration primarily includes credits issued to the distributor due to price protection and sales made to distributors under agreements that allow certain rights of return, referred to as stock rotation. Price protection represents price discounts granted to certain distributors to allow the distributor to earn an appropriate margin on sales negotiated with certain customers and in the event of a price decrease subsequent to the date the product was shipped and billed to the distributor. Stock rotation allows distributors limited levels of returns in order to reduce the amounts of slow-moving, discontinued or obsolete product from their inventory. A liability for distributor credits covering variable consideration is made based on management's estimate of historical experience rates as well as considering economic conditions and contractual terms. To date, actual distributor claims activity has been materially consistent with the provisions we have made based on our historical estimates.
Contract Balances: Accounts receivable represents our unconditional right to receive consideration from our customers. Payments are typically due within 30 to 45 days of invoicing and do not include a significant financing component. To date, there have been no material impairment losses on accounts receivable. There were no material contract assets or contract liabilities recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets in any of the periods presented.
Inventory Valuation
We value inventories at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or market. Because of the cyclical nature of the semiconductor industry, changes in inventory levels, obsolescence of technology, and product life cycles, we write down inventories to net realizable value. We employ a variety of methodologies to determine the net realizable value of inventory. While a portion of the calculation is determined via reference to the age of inventory and lower of cost or market calculations, an element of the calculation is subject to significant judgments made by us about future demand for our inventory. If actual demand for our products is less than our estimates, additional adjustments to existing inventories may need to be recorded in future periods. To date, our actual results have not been materially different than our estimates, and we do not expect them to be materially different in the future.
Long-Lived Assets
We review property, plant, and equipment and intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability of these assets is determined by comparison of their carrying value to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows that the assets are expected to generate over their remaining estimated lives. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized in earnings equals the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds their fair value determined by either a quoted market price, if any, or a value determined by utilizing a discounted cash flow technique. Although we have recognized no material impairment
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adjustments related to our property, plant, and equipment and identified intangible assets during the past three fiscal years, except those made in conjunction with restructuring actions, deterioration in our business in the future could lead to such impairment adjustments in future periods. Evaluation of impairment of long-lived assets requires estimates of future operating results that are used in the preparation of the expected future undiscounted cash flows. Actual future operating results and the remaining economic lives of our long-lived assets could differ from the estimates used in assessing the recoverability of these assets. These differences could result in impairment charges, which could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations. In addition, in certain instances, assets may not be impaired but their estimated useful lives may have decreased. In these situations, we amortize the remaining net book values over the revised useful lives.
Goodwill
Goodwill is subject to impairment tests annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances suggest that the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable, utilizing either the qualitative or quantitative method. We test goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level, which we determined is consistent with our identified operating segments, on an annual basis on the first day of the fourth quarter (on or about August 1) or more frequently if we believe indicators of impairment exist or we reorganize our operating segments or reporting units.
We have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its net book value. When using the qualitative method, we consider several factors, including the following:
–the amount by which the fair values of each reporting unit exceeded their carrying values as of the date of the most recent quantitative impairment analysis, which indicated there would need to be substantial negative developments in the markets in which these reporting units operate in order for there to be potential impairment;
–the carrying values of these reporting units as of the assessment date compared to their previously calculated fair values as of the date of the most recent quantitative impairment analysis;
–the current forecasts as compared to the forecasts included in the most recent quantitative impairment analysis;
–public information from competitors and other industry information to determine if there were any significant adverse trends in our competitors' businesses;
–changes in the value of major U.S. stock indices that could suggest declines in overall market stability that could impact the valuation of our reporting units;
–changes in our market capitalization and overall enterprise valuation to determine if there were any significant decreases that could be an indication that the valuation of our reporting units had significantly decreased; and
–whether there had been any significant increases to the weighted-average cost of capital rates for each reporting unit, which could materially lower our prior valuation conclusions under a discounted cash flow approach.
If we elect not to use this option, or we determine that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its net book value, then we perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test. The quantitative goodwill impairment test requires an entity to compare the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. If fair value is determined to be less than carrying value, an impairment loss is recognized for the amount of the carrying value that exceeds the amount of the reporting unit's fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. Additionally, we consider income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. We determine the fair value of our reporting units using a weighting of the income and market approaches. Under the income approach, we use a discounted cash flow methodology which requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions related to forecasted revenues, gross profit margins, operating income margins, working capital cash flow, perpetual growth rates, and long-term discount rates, among others. For the market approach, we use the guideline public company method. Under this method we utilize information from comparable publicly traded companies with similar operating and investment characteristics as the reporting units, to create valuation multiples that are applied to the operating performance of the reporting unit being tested, in order to obtain their respective fair values. In order to assess the reasonableness of the calculated reporting unit fair values, we reconcile the aggregate fair values of our reporting units determined, as described above, to our total company market capitalization, allowing for a reasonable control premium.
During fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2020, we elected to use the quantitative method of assessing goodwill for all of our reporting units. In all periods presented, we concluded the reporting units' fair values exceeded their carrying amounts as of the assessment dates and no risk of impairment existed.
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Business Combinations
Under the acquisition method of accounting, we recognize tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. We record the excess of the fair value of the purchase consideration over the value of the net assets acquired as goodwill. The accounting for business combinations requires us to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets and the fair value of contingent payment obligations. Critical estimates in valuing purchased technology, customer lists and other identifiable intangible assets include future cash flows that we expect to generate from the acquired assets. If the subsequent actual results and updated projections of the underlying business activity change compared with the assumptions and projections used to develop these values, we could experience impairment charges which could be material. In addition, we have estimated the economic lives of certain acquired assets and these lives are used to calculate depreciation and amortization expense. If our estimates of the economic lives change, depreciation or amortization expenses could be accelerated or slowed.
We record contingent consideration resulting from a business combination at its fair value on the acquisition date. We generally determine the fair value of the contingent consideration using the income approach methodology of valuation. Each reporting period thereafter, we revalue these obligations and record increases or decreases in their fair value as an adjustment to operating expenses within the Consolidated Statements of Income. Changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration can result from changes in assumed discount periods and rates, and from changes pertaining to the achievement of the defined milestones. Significant judgment is employed in determining the appropriateness of these assumptions as of the acquisition date and for each subsequent period. Accordingly, future business and economic conditions, as well as changes in any of the assumptions described above, can materially impact the amount of contingent consideration expense we record in any given period.
Accounting for Income Taxes
We make certain estimates and judgments in determining income tax expense for financial statement purposes. These estimates and judgments occur in the calculation of income tax credits, benefits, and deductions, and in the calculation of certain tax assets and liabilities, which arise from differences in the timing of the recognition of certain expenses for tax and financial statement purposes. We assess the likelihood of the realization of deferred tax assets and record a corresponding valuation allowance as necessary if we determine those deferred tax assets may not be realized due to the uncertainty of the timing and amount to be realized of certain state and international tax credit carryovers. In reaching our conclusion, we evaluate certain relevant criteria including the existence of deferred tax liabilities that can be used to realize deferred tax assets, the taxable income in prior carryback years in the impacted state and international jurisdictions that can be used to absorb net operating losses and taxable income in future years. Our judgments regarding future profitability may change due to future market conditions, changes in U.S. or international tax laws and other factors. These changes, if any, may require material adjustments to these deferred tax assets, which may result in an increase or decrease to our income tax provision in future periods.
We account for uncertain tax positions by first determining if it is “more likely than not” that a tax position will be sustained by the appropriate taxing authorities prior to recording any benefit in the financial statements. An uncertain income tax position is not recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. For those tax positions where it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained, we have recorded the largest amount of tax benefit with a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. For those income tax positions where it is not more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit has been recognized in the financial statements. We classify interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions within the (benefit from) provision for income taxes line of the Consolidated Statements of Income. We reevaluate these uncertain tax positions on a quarterly basis. This evaluation is based on factors including, but not limited to, changes in known facts or circumstances, changes in tax law, effectively settled issues under audit, and new guidance on legislative interpretations. A change in these factors could result in the recognition of an increase or decrease to our income tax provision, which could materially impact our consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In the ordinary course of global business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax outcome is uncertain. Some of these uncertainties arise as a consequence of cost reimbursement and royalty arrangements among related entities. Although we believe our estimates are reasonable, no assurance can be given that the final tax outcome of these matters will not be different than that which is reflected in our historical income tax provisions and income tax liabilities. In the event our assumptions are incorrect, the differences could have a material impact on our income tax provision and operating results in the period in which such determination is made. In addition to the factors described above, our current and expected effective tax rate is based on then-current tax law. Significant changes during the year in enacted tax law could affect these estimates.
See Note 12, Income Taxes, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion.
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Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation expense associated with stock options and related awards is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Determining the amount of stock-based compensation to be recorded requires us to develop estimates to be used in calculating the grant-date fair value of stock options and market-based restricted stock units. We calculate the grant-date fair values of stock options using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The grant-date fair value of restricted stock units with a service condition and restricted stock units with both service and performance conditions are calculated using the value of our common stock on the date of grant, reduced by the present value of dividends expected to be paid on our common stock prior to vesting. For restricted stock units with both service and performance conditions, this grant-date fair value is also impacted by the number of units that are expected to vest during the performance period and is adjusted through the related stock-based compensation expense at each reporting period based on the probability of achievement of that performance condition. If we determine that an award is unlikely to vest, any previously recorded stock-based compensation expense is reversed in the period of that determination. The grant date fair value of restricted stock units or performance-based stock options with both service and market conditions are calculated using the Monte Carlo simulation model to estimate the probability of satisfying the performance condition stipulated in the award grant, including the possibility that the market condition may not be satisfied.
The use of valuation models requires us to make estimates of key assumptions such as expected option term and stock price volatility to determine the fair value of a stock option. The estimate of these key assumptions is based on historical information and judgment regarding market factors and trends. We recognize the expense related to equity awards on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. See Note 2r, Stock-based Compensation, and Note 3, Stock-Based Compensation and Shareholders' Equity, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information related to stock-based compensation.
Contingencies
From time to time, in the ordinary course of business, various claims, charges and litigation are asserted or commenced against us arising from, or related to, among other things, contractual matters, patents, trademarks, personal injury, environmental matters, product liability, insurance coverage, employment or employment benefits. We periodically assess each matter to determine if a contingent liability should be recorded. In making this determination, we may, depending on the nature of the matter, consult with internal and external legal counsel and technical experts. Based on the information we obtain, combined with our judgment regarding all the facts and circumstances of each matter, we determine whether it is probable that a contingent loss may be incurred and whether the amount of such loss can be reasonably estimated. If a loss is probable and reasonably estimable, we record a contingent loss. In determining the amount of a contingent loss, we consider advice received from experts in the specific matter, current status of legal proceedings, settlement negotiations that may be ongoing, prior case history and other factors. If the judgments and estimates made by us are incorrect, we may need to record additional contingent losses that could materially adversely impact our results of operations.
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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Interest Rate Exposure
Our interest income and expense are sensitive to changes in the general level of interest rates. In this regard, changes in interest rates affect the interest earned or paid on our marketable securities and debt, as well as the fair value of our investments and debt.
Based on the $500.0 million of our floating rate debt outstanding as of October 30, 2021, our annual interest expense would change by approximately $5.0 million for each 100 basis point increase in interest rates.
In certain instances, we utilize interest rate derivatives to manage interest rate exposure on both outstanding debt as well as future issuances. As of October 30, 2021, we had no outstanding interest rate derivative instruments. As of October 31, 2020, for each 100 basis point decrease in the ten-year U.S. Treasury rate, the fair value of our outstanding derivative instruments would have changed by approximately $102.0 million.
Based on our marketable securities outstanding as of October 30, 2021 and October 31, 2020, our annual interest income would change by approximately $19.7 million and $10.6 million, respectively, for each 100 basis point increase in interest rates.
To provide a meaningful assessment of the interest rate risk associated with our investment portfolio, we performed a sensitivity analysis to determine the impact a change in interest rates would have on the value of our investment portfolio assuming a 100 basis point parallel shift in the yield curve. Based on investment positions as of October 30, 2021 and October 31, 2020, a hypothetical 100 basis point increase in interest rates across all maturities would not materially impact the fair market value of the portfolio in either period. If significant, such losses would only be realized if we sold the investments prior to maturity.
As of October 30, 2021, we had $6.8 billion in principal amount of senior unsecured notes outstanding, with a fair value of $7.1 billion. The fair value of our notes is subject to interest rate risk, market risk, and other factors. Generally, the fair value of our notes will increase as interest rates fall and decrease as interest rates rise. The fair values of our notes as of October 30, 2021 and October 31, 2020, assuming a hypothetical 100 basis point increase in market interest rates, are as follows:
| October 30, 2021 | October 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (thousands) | Principal Amount Outstanding | Fair Value | Fair Value given an increase in interest rates of 100 basis points | Principal Amount Outstanding | Fair Value | Fair Value given an increase in interest rates of 100 basis points | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 Notes, due December 2021 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 400,000 | $408,565 | $ | 404,170 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 Notes, due March 2023 | 500,000 | 520,236 | 513,273 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Maxim 2023 Notes, due June 2023 | — | — | — | 500,000 | 526,855 | 513,874 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 Notes, due December 2023 | — | — | — | 550,000 | 590,177 | 572,965 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 Notes, due October 2024 | 500,000 | 500,482 | 486,201 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 Notes, due April 2025 | 400,000 | 423,265 | 409,725 | 400,000 | 434,919 | 417,225 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 Notes, due December 2025 | — | — | — | 850,000 | 969,033 | 924,695 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 Notes, due December 2026 | 900,000 | 986,243 | 941,160 | 900,000 | 1,017,505 | 962,821 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Maxim 2027 Notes, due June 2027 | 500,000 | 542,942 | 515,866 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2028 Notes, due October 2028 | 750,000 | 743,109 | 696,554 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2031 Notes, due October 2031 | 1,000,000 | 996,702 | 912,196 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2036 Notes, due December 2036 | 144,278 | 176,960 | 158,110 | 250,000 | 298,153 | 265,210 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2041 Notes, due October 2041 | 750,000 | 758,246 | 652,754 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2045 Notes, due December 2045 | 332,587 | 469,592 | 404,287 | 400,000 | 538,788 | 463,425 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2051 Notes, due October 2051 | 1,000,000 | 1,029,830 | 848,513 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Foreign Currency Exposure
As more fully described in Note 2i, Derivative and Hedging Agreements, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we regularly hedge our non-U.S. dollar-based exposures by entering into forward foreign currency exchange contracts. The terms of these contracts are for periods matching the duration of the underlying exposure and generally range from one to twelve months. Currently, our largest foreign currency exposure is the Euro, primarily because our European operations have the highest proportion of our local currency denominated expenses. Relative to foreign currency exposures existing at October 30, 2021 and October 31, 2020, a 10% unfavorable movement in foreign currency exchange rates over the course of the year would result in approximately $39.5 million of losses and $18.5 million of losses, respectively, in changes in earnings or cash flows.
The market risk associated with our derivative instruments results from currency exchange rates that are expected to offset the market risk of the underlying transactions, assets and liabilities being hedged. The counterparties to the agreements relating to our foreign exchange instruments consist of a number of major international financial institutions with high credit ratings. Based on the credit ratings of our counterparties as of October 30, 2021, we do not believe that there is significant risk of nonperformance by them. While the contract or notional amounts of derivative financial instruments provide one measure of the volume of these transactions, they do not represent the amount of our exposure to credit risk. The amounts potentially subject to credit risk (arising from the possible inability of counterparties to meet the terms of their contracts) are generally limited to the amounts, if any, by which the counterparties’ obligations under the contracts exceed our obligations to the counterparties.
The following table illustrates the effect that a 10% unfavorable or favorable movement in foreign currency exchange rates, relative to the U.S. dollar, would have on the fair value of our forward exchange contracts as of October 30, 2021 and October 31, 2020:
| October 30, 2021 | October 31, 2020 | ||||||||||
| Fair value of forward exchange contracts | $ | (8,085) | $ | 5,427 | |||||||
| Fair value of forward exchange contracts after a 10% unfavorable movement in foreign currency exchange rates asset | $ | 26,673 | $ | 21,859 | |||||||
| Fair value of forward exchange contracts after a 10% favorable movement in foreign currency exchange rates liability | $ | (41,034) | $ | (20,276) | |||||||
The calculation assumes that each exchange rate would change in the same direction relative to the U.S. dollar. In addition to the direct effects of changes in exchange rates, such changes typically affect the volume of sales or the foreign currency sales price as competitors’ products become more or less attractive. Our sensitivity analysis of the effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates does not factor in a potential change in sales levels or local currency selling prices.
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Board of Directors and Shareholders
Analog Devices, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Analog Devices, Inc. (the Company) as of October 30, 2021 and October 31, 2020, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended October 30, 2021, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a)(2) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at October 30, 2021 and October 31, 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended October 30, 2021, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of October 30, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework), and our report dated December 3, 2021 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
| Revenue Recognition – Measuring Variable Consideration | |||||
| Description of the Matter | As described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company's sales contracts provide certain distributors with credits for price protection and rights of return, which results in variable consideration. During 2021, sales to distributors were $4.6 billion net of expected price protection discounts and rights of return for which the liability balance as of October 30, 2021 was $664.2 million. Auditing the Company's measurement of variable consideration under distributor contracts involved especially challenging judgment because the calculation involves subjective management assumptions about estimates of expected price protection discounts and returns. For example, estimated variable consideration included in the transaction price reflects management's evaluation of contractual terms, historical experience and assumptions about future economic conditions. Changes in those assumptions can have a material effect on the amount of variable consideration recognized. | ||||
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| How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit | We obtained an understanding over the Company's process to calculate the variable consideration. With the exception of the portion of the balance that related to Maxim Integrated Products, Inc., we also evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of the relevant controls. For example, we tested controls over the appropriateness of assumptions management used as well as controls over the completeness and accuracy of the data underlying estimates of expected price protection discounts and returns. Our audit procedures included, among others, inspecting contractual terms in distributor agreements and testing the underlying data used in management’s calculation for completeness and accuracy as well as evaluating the significant assumptions used in the estimation of variable consideration. We evaluated the Company’s methods and assumptions used in the estimates, which included comparing the assumptions to historical trends. We inspected and tested the results of the Company's retrospective review analysis of actual returns and price protection discounts claimed by distributors, evaluated the estimates made based on historical experience and performed sensitivity analyses of the Company’s significant assumptions to assess the impact on the variable consideration. We also evaluated whether the Company appropriately considered new information that could significantly change the estimated future price protection discounts or returns. | ||||
| Accounting for Acquisitions – Valuation of Identified Intangibles | |||||
| Description of the Matter | During 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. (Maxim) for total consideration of $27.9 billion, as disclosed in Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements. The transaction was accounted for as a business combination. Auditing the Company's accounting for its acquisition of Maxim was complex due to the significant estimation uncertainty in the Company’s determination of the fair value of identifiable intangible assets of $12.4 billion, which principally consisted of developed technology and customer relationships. The significant estimation uncertainty was primarily due to the sensitivity of the respective fair values to underlying assumptions about the future performance of the acquired business. The Company used discounted cash flow models to measure the developed technology and customer relationship intangible assets. The significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the intangible assets included discount rates and certain assumptions that form the basis of the forecasted results (e.g., annual revenue growth rates, developed technology obsolescence rates and customer attrition rates). These significant assumptions are forward looking and could be affected by future economic and market conditions. | ||||
| How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit | We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of controls over the Company's accounting for acquisitions process. For example, we tested controls over the appropriateness of the valuation model, assumptions management used as well as controls over the completeness and accuracy of the data underlying the valuation of the developed technology and customer relationship intangible assets. To test the estimated fair value of the developed technology and customer relationship intangible assets, our audit procedures included, among others, assessing methodologies and testing the significant assumptions discussed above and the underlying data supporting the significant assumptions and estimates used by the Company in the valuation. We tested significant assumptions through a combination of procedures, as applicable for each assumption, including comparing them to current and forecasted industry and economic trends, as well as to the historical results of the acquired business and other guideline companies within the same industry. With the assistance of our valuation specialists, we evaluated the methodology used by the Company and significant assumptions included in the fair value estimates. | ||||
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1967.
Boston, Massachusetts
December 3, 2021
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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ANALOG DEVICES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
Years ended October 30, 2021, October 31, 2020 and November 2, 2019
| (thousands, except per share amounts) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||
| Revenue | |||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Costs and Expenses | |||||||||||||||||
| Cost of sales | |||||||||||||||||
| Gross margin | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | |||||||||||||||||
| Selling, marketing, general and administrative | |||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of intangibles | |||||||||||||||||